The Distribution Function: at the Heart of managing Cultural-Product Industries

Cultural industries (music, publishing, movies, television) faced similar trends in recent years : growing importance of distribution, raising costs in promotion, concentrating demand on fewer products, restructuring value added chain. Internet was considered, at a given time, as a lever to promote diversity and to support an expanding creation ; on a contrary, its development contributed to increase concentration and give more importance to prescription and distribution portals. Our communication aims at analyzing precisely the role of distributors in the chain value of cultural industries : aggregating demand, prescribing cultural goods to consumers, contractor for producers. We study distribution comparing more specifically three models of cultural industries : book publishing, movie theaters and television. These models provide with a conceptual framework considering distribution as a network structure. They help to report trends at stake in cultural industries : mass distribution and dematerialization, transforming business models...distribution

The economics and business models of prescription in the Internet

L'économie de l'Internet a contribué à une ouverture du jeu concurrentiel en dissociant les fonctions physique et informationnelle des activités de distribution. Plus précisément, elle a ouvert la voie à de nouvelles structures de marché en mettant en avant une fonction de prescription clairement distincte des fonctions d'offre d'une part, des fonctions logistiques et de mise à disposition des biens d'autre part. Nous nous attachons ici à montrer que l'analyse des fonctions et modalités de prescription permet de mieux comprendre les modèles d'affaires et les structures concurrentielles à l'œuvre dans l'économie de l'Internet organisées autour de l'articulationde trois marchés : biens primaires, référencement, prescription. Cette modélisation de marchés à prescription contribue à enrichir la compréhension des chaînes de valeur et des relations d'affaires repérables dans l'Internet.prescription;internet

A continuum-tree-valued Markov process

We present a construction of a L\'evy continuum random tree (CRT) associated with a super-critical continuous state branching process using the so-called exploration process and a Girsanov's theorem. We also extend the pruning procedure to this super-critical case. Let $\psi$ be a critical branching mechanism. We set $\psi_\theta(\cdot)=\psi(\cdot+\theta)-\psi(\theta)$. Let $\Theta=(\theta_\infty,+\infty)$ or $\Theta=[\theta_\infty,+\infty)$ be the set of values of $\theta$ for which $\psi_\theta$ is a branching mechanism. The pruning procedure allows to construct a decreasing L\'evy-CRT-valued Markov process (\ct_\theta,\theta\in\Theta), such that $\mathcal{T}_\theta$ has branching mechanism $\psi_\theta$. It is sub-critical if $\theta>0$ and super-critical if $\theta<0$. We then consider the explosion time $A$ of the CRT: the smaller (negative) time $\theta$ for which $\mathcal{T}_\theta$ has finite mass. We describe the law of $A$ as well as the distribution of the CRT just after this explosion time. The CRT just after explosion can be seen as a CRT conditioned not to be extinct which is pruned with an independent intensity related to $A$. We also study the evolution of the CRT-valued process after the explosion time. This extends results from Aldous and Pitman on Galton-Watson trees. For the particular case of the quadratic branching mechanism, we show that after explosion the total mass of the CRT behaves like the inverse of a stable subordinator with index 1/2. This result is related to the size of the tagged fragment for the fragmentation of Aldous' CRT

An Investigation of Consistency Between Theoretical Orientations to Reading and Planning for Reading Instruction: A Three-Year Study.

The purpose of this three-year study was to investigate the participants\u27 theoretical orientations to reading over time. By presenting an in-depth description of the thoughts and actions, as related to the research questions, of nine student teachers during their student teaching experience, and again three years later as elementary teachers, this study provided valuable insights into the degree to which a well-defined theoretical orientation to reading is internalized and how it manifests in classroom practices. The research questions that were investigated included the durability of theoretical orientations to reading, consistency between theoretical orientations and planning for reading instruction, and the identification of enabling or constraining factors that influenced consistency between theoretical orientations and planning. The knowledge contributed by this study has implications for such practical concerns as the development and implementation of teacher preparation programs and inservice education

Intéraction système-matériaux en fretting

Les nombreuses études menées en fretting montrent que les dégradations se traduisent soit par une perte de matière (fretting-usure), soit par l’amorçage de fissures dans les massifs (fretting-fatigue). Ces deux types de réponse dépendent de nombreux paramètres, tant fonctionnels (charge, déplacement, fréquence... imposés ou non) que matériaux (ductiles, fragiles...) et interfaciaux (troisième corps), qui sont parfois retranscrits sous forme de cartes de sollicitations locales ou de réponses des matériaux. Les frontières entre ces différents domaines sont déterminées à partir de critères issus directement des paramètres caractéristiques des cycles de fretting (ouverture du cycle, énergie dissipée), dont l’objectif est de définir le passage entre glissement partiel et glissement total. L’analyse précise des cycles de fretting est donc un élément central de la compréhension du comportement des matériaux sous ce type de sollicitation