<b style="">Benzyl amino purine and adenine sulphate induced rapid multiple shoot and root induction from nodal explants of <i style="">Brahmi</i> [<i style="">Bacopa monnieri </i>(Linn.)Penn.]</b>

44-51In vitro multiple shoot and root induction of Brahmi [Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Penn.] was achieved from nodal explants. Shoot segments obtained from field grown plants were surface sterilized and cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium without any hormones to get regular supply of node explants. In order to find out the suitable conditions for propagation from nodal explants, MS medium with different combinations of auxins and cytokinins were tested. All the treatments were found effective in inducing shoots except those with auxin/cytokinin alone. The percent response of 92-100 was observed in 90% of treatments. The effect of special cytokinin like adenine sulphate on multiple shoot formation from the nodal explants of B. monnieri was tested on MS medium fortified with different hormonal concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. High percentage of multiple shoot formation (96.3) and maximum number of shoots (16.33) was observed in the combinational treatment of IAA (0.2 mg/l) and BAP (1.5 mg/l). Addition of adenine sulphate at 60mg/l along with IAA (0.2mg /l) and BAP (1.5mg/l) was found most effective in inducing highest number of shoots (18). All the other tested combinations have little effect on increasing the number of shoots. In vitro propagated plants were successfully transplanted to plastic pots containing sterile soil with 85% survival rate and later established under ex vitro condition

Efficient In vitro plant regeneration through leaf base derived callus cultures of abiotic stress sensitive popular Asian Indica rice cultivar IR 64 (Oryza sativa L.)

A simple and efficient protocol has been developed for high frequency plant regeneration through callus cultures derived from leaf bases of abiotic stress sensitive Asian indica rice variety IR 64. Leaf base segments (4–5 mm diameter) were obtained from 6-day-old dark grown seedlings germinated on halfstrength Murashige and Skoog medium and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.2–18 μM) and Kinetin (0.2–1.7 μM). Among the various combinations, 13.5 μM 2,4-D and 1.3 μM Kn resulted in high callus induction frequency (87.5%) with a maximum fresh weight of 0.22 g per segment. The regeneration frequency was 75.5% with multiple shoots within 3 weeks of transfer on MS medium supplemented with 13.3 μM 6-benzylamino purine and 8 μM Naphthaleneacetic acid. The shoots readily rooted on half-strength MS medium without any hormonal supplements. In vitro regenerated plantlets with multiple shoots and roots were transferred to sterile soil and vermiculite mix and maintained in shade house for 30 days. Complete plantlets were then transferred to nursery and acclimatized to the external environment until seed set. RAPD profile reveals monomorphism and thus confirming the genetic stability of the regenerated plants. This method has the potential for both direct as well as indirect method of transformation for the production of genetically modified plants

Carbon dots stabilized silver-lipid nano hybrids for sensitive label free DNA detection

Carbon dots have been extensively used for the development of fluorescent based molecular affinity sensors. However, label free DNA sensing by electrochemical method is not reported so far. Herein, we report carbon dots stabilized silver nanoparticles (CD-AgNPs) lipid nano hybrids as a sensitive and selective platform for label free electrochemical DNA sensing. The CD-AgNPs were synthesized by wet chemical method and then characterized by UV-visible, Fourier-transform Infra-red (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques. These CD-AgNPs were used for decorating the binary lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP) surface (named as lipid) and tethered on self-assembled monolayer of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) (MPA-lipid-CD-AgNPs). The formation of array of MPA-lipid-CD-AgNPs on Au electrode was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrochemical behavior of MPA- lipid-CD-AgNPs was monitored in the presence of 1 mM potassium ferri/ferrocyanide (K-3/K-4 [Fe(CN)(6)]). The formation of layer-by-layer MPA-lipid-CD-AgNPs is indicated by increased anodic and cathodic peak (Delta E-p) separation with decreased redox peak current of K-3/K-4 [Fe(CN)(6)]. Short chain DNA (30 mer oligonucleotide, representing the lung cancer) was used as a model system for label free DNA sensing. Un-hybridized (single stranded DNA), hybridized (complementary hybridized), single, double and triple base mismatched target DNA hybridized surfaces were efficiently discriminated at 1 mu M target DNA concentration at the Au/MPA-lipid-CD-AgNPs electrode by change in the charge transfer resistance from impedance technique. Further, the modified electrode was successfully used to determine target DNA in a wide linear range from 10(-16) to 10(-11) M. The present work open doors for the utilization of CDs in molecular affinity based electrochemical sensor design and development.11Nsciescopu