TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF FILLERS USED BY THE FEMALE TEACHER AND LECTURER IN SURABAYA

Abstract. This research deals with the production of fillers used by teacher and lecturer in the teaching process. The study involved two subjects: one female teacher and one female lecturer in Surabaya. The problems to be examined in the study were the types, the frequency of occurrences and the functions of fillers used by the two subjects. In the study, the writer mainly adopted Rose’s (1998) theory on the types of fillers, combined with similar notions on the types and functions of fillers from Stenström (1994) and Baalen (2001). The the study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on the types and the functions of fillers. As the source of data, the writer took two class meetings, in which each teaching process was done by the two subjects. In the data analysis, the writer found that the female lecturer produces fewer fillers than the female teacher. The female teacher produced 346 fillers in the teaching process, while the female lecturer produced 665 fillers in the teaching process. Secondly, the data showed that both the female teacher and lecturer produced more unlexicalized than the lexicalized fillers. In the function of the fillers, the writer found that the types of fillers produced by both the female teacher and lecturer had the functions as a holder the turn, as a mark of hesitation, as empathizers, as time-creating devices, and as an editing term. As a conclusion, the writer concludes that the situation in the teaching process affects the types and the functions of the fillers. Key words: spoken discourse, classroom interaction, types and functions of filler

The Vitality of Balantak Language in a Multilingual Society at Banggai Regency

The primary aim of this paper is to examine the degree of language vitality in the Banggai District by analysing patterns of language usage and intergenerational language transmission within the family domain. Luwuk Banggai serves as the primary hub for educational and commercial activities within the Banggai Regency. The presence of diverse languages in the Banggai Region has resulted in a multilingual society. The Malay Manado language is frequently employed as a lingua franca in addition to the Indonesian language and the three other indigenous languages. The prevalence of these two languages has been contributing to the gradual decline or potential extinction of the Balantak, Banggai, and Saluan languages in the near future. The Balantak Language warrants greater attention due to its relatively small number of speakers in comparison to the two other indigenous languages. This study examines the factors that influence the preservation of local languages within the family domain, as well as the specific areas in which these languages are maintained. Additionally, the obstacles encountered in this preservation process are explored. The research employs a qualitative methodology. The data are acquired by the utilisation of observation, interviews, and document analysis techniques. The present study has identified multiple elements that provide obstacles in the preservation and upkeep of this particular language

A STUDY OF COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES IN CONVERSATION OF TENANTS AT KAMPOENG INGGRIS PARE, KEDIRI

This research describes the study of Gricecooperative principles in conversations of tenants at KampoengInggris Pare, Kediri. This study aims at finding out if the conversations of the tenants meet Grice’s four maxims. From the analysis, it can be concluded that every conversation of tenants at Kampoeng English Pare Kediri meets Grice cooperative principles.The results of this study also show that the conversations in KampoengInggrisPare, Kediri adhere to the maxim of relevance. The speech act shows the attempt to contribute relevant information. In the conversation, the tenants also have to speak their mind to use a clear and coherent narrative. The speech acts of tenantsindicate that the implementation of the principle of cooperation adheres to the maxim of manner. Kata Kunci: cooperative principles, tenant, Kampoeng Inggris Par

The Fillers used by the male and female teachers in the senior high school in Surabaya

In this research, the writer observed the production of fillers used by different gender of teachers in the teaching process. The subjects were one male and one female teachers at Pirngadi Christian Senior High School. Specifically, he asked about the types, the frequency of occurrences, the functions of fillers used by each teacher and also differences between the fillers used by the male and female teachers. Mainly, the writer used the theory on the types of fillers from Rose (1998). It was added with the theories of the types of fillers from Stenstrom (1994) and Baalen (2001). Also, he used the theory on the functions of fillers from Stenstrom (1994). The writer used a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on the types and the functions of fillers. As the source of data, the writer took two class meetings, in which each teaching process was done by a teacher of different gender; male and female teachers. In the findings and discussion, the writer found that the male teacher produced fewer fillers than the female teacher. The male teacher produced 69 fillers in the teaching process, while the female teacher produced 115 fillers in the teaching process. Secondly, the data showed that both the male and female teachers produced more unlexicalized than the lexicalized fillers. In the functions of the fillers, the writer found that the types of fillers produced by both the male and female teachers had the functions as a holder to the turn, as a mark of hesitation, as empathizers, as time-creating device, and as an editing term. As a conclusion, the writer concludes that the situation in the teaching process affects the types and the functions of the fillers