Editorial

[ES] Editorial VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability, Volume7, Issue 2 (2022)Palmero Iglesias, LM. (2022). Editorial. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/19125

Review on Energy Efficiency using the Ecotect Simulation Software for Residential Building Sector

[EN] The building sectors are recognized as one of the essential contributors of global warming and climate change because of their high energy use. The building sector is responsible for 40% of all energy usage and 40% of the CO2 emissions in the developed countries. Researchers in the world are working on energy management and conservation using simulation software to develop strategies that lead to an overall reduction of energy consumption in the buildings. This review is considered a modeling and simulation approach with a specific focus on residential building. Modeling and simulation methods reviewed are presented categorically as per the strategic approach adopted by the researchers. Simulation results available for residential building energy are also introduced. This research has reviewed the capabilities and performances on Ecotect simulation and modeling, including daylighting, solar radiation, thermal analysis, and shading for energy management and conservation of residential building. Different modeling and simulation approaches, from various building and climate, were reviewed and discussed. The analysis of present work greatly help the researchers' decision-making and selection of software to perform various simulations in energy management of residential buildings.Amani, N.; Sabamehr, A.; Palmero Iglesias, LM. (2022). Review on Energy Efficiency using the Ecotect Simulation Software for Residential Building Sector. International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE). 13(3):284-294. https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2022.13.03.0828429413

De la digitalización laser hacia el H-BIM: un caso de estudio

[ES] Queriendo dar respuesta a las preguntas que el anterior estudio precedente efectuado con una estación total (Trimble S6 Vision) no pudo concretar, el artículo comenta los resultados obtenidos con las adquisiciones de digitalización láser 3D y las bases de datos fotográficas. La precisión, garantizada por la tecnología de medida, ha permitido medir la distancia entre el modelo numérico (discontinuo pero objetivo) y el modelo geométrico (continuo pero subjetivo). También se discute el grado de fiabilidad de los documentos e hipótesis relevantes basados en el razonamiento matemático como el comienzo de una cadena de trabajo digital compartida e interoperable. Los temas abordados se refieren a la virtualización de componentes geométricos manipulables paramétricamente (tratamiento de la geometría) que, a partir de la normativa vigente en materia de contratos públicos (BIM), se impone como prototipo para el proyecto de restauración y mantenimiento de edificios históricos (H-BIM) y, en partic[EN] Overview wanting to answer the questions that the previous study with a total station (Trimble S6 Vision) could not answer, the article comments on the results obtained with the acquisitions of 3D laser scanning and photographic databases. The precision, guaranteed by the measurement technology, has made it possible to measure the distance between the numerical model (discontinuous but objective) and the geometric model (continuous but subjective). It also discusses the degree of reliability of relevant documents and hypotheses based on mathematical reasoning such as the beginning of a shared and interoperable digital work chain. The topics addressed refer to the virtualization of geometrically manipulable geometric components (treatment of geometry) which, based on current public procurement regulations (BIM), is imposed as a prototype for the project of restoration and maintenance of historic buildings (H-BIM) and, in particular, for the case study: theartistic ceramics factory, locaRossi, A.; Palmero Iglesias, LM.; Palmieri, U. (2020). From laser scanning to H-BIM: a case study. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 25(38):182-193. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2020.12835OJS182193253

The Revaluation of Uninhabited Popular Patrimony under Environmental and Sustainability Parameters

[EN] Abandoning rural areas requires promoting their repopulation. In Europe, wealth and life in these enclaves are valued. However, the current state of these houses does not meet actual needs and requires interventions to actualize current standards. Therefore, decisions in the design and execution of the works will generate a volume of construction and demolition waste (CDW), which must be managed sustainably out of respect towards its origin, the architecture, and the surrounding environment. This paper examines the prevention and management of CDW, providing control strategies and actions to monitor and plan them from the rehabilitation project itself. Some of the interventions carried out in recent years on this type of housing have been analyzed and the existing management protocols within the European Union have been reviewed, specifying their application in Mediterranean popular housing. As a result, we herein show a representative case that observes the existing reality regarding the destination of generated CDW and delves into their possibilities for use. We present these findings in order to reduce the energy cost resulting from manufacturing new materials and meeting the established sustainability and energy efficiency parameters.Blandón, B.; Palmero Iglesias, LM.; Di Ruocco, G. (2020). The Revaluation of Uninhabited Popular Patrimony under Environmental and Sustainability Parameters. Sustainability. 12(14):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145629S1181214Ren, S.-Y., Gao, R.-D., & Chen, Y.-L. (2020). Fear can be more harmful than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in controlling the corona virus disease 2019 epidemic. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 8(4), 652-657. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v8.i4.652Eurostad Stadistics Explained 2020; European Commissionhttps://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Population_structure_and_ageingCarrasco-Sáez, J., Careaga Butter, M., & Badilla-Quintana, M. (2017). The New Pyramid of Needs for the Digital Citizen: A Transition towards Smart Human Cities. Sustainability, 9(12), 2258. doi:10.3390/su9122258Sicignano, E., Di Ruocco, G., & Melella, R. (2019). Mitigation Strategies for Reduction of Embodied Energy and Carbon, in the Construction Systems of Contemporary Quality Architecture. Sustainability, 11(14), 3806. doi:10.3390/su11143806Cillis, G., Statuto, D., & Picuno, P. (2019). Vernacular Farm Buildings and Rural Landscape: A Geospatial Approach for Their Integrated Management. Sustainability, 12(1), 4. doi:10.3390/su12010004Arte y arquitectura en la vivienda española. Cap. III in La casa popular en España; Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, S.A. D.L.: M-40308-1996https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6738859Real Decreto 314/2006, de 17 de marzo por el que se aprueba el Código Técnico de Edificación (CTE) en que establece las exigencias que deben cumplir los edificios en relación con los requisitos básicos de seguridad y habitabilidad establecidos en la Ley 38/1999 de 5 de noviembre de Ordenación de la Edificación LOE; Ministerio de Vivienda «BOE» núm. 74, de 28 de marzo de 2006 Ref. BOE-A-2006-5515https://boe.es/buscar/pdf/2006/BOE-A-2006-5515-consolidado.pdfDi Ruocco, G., & Melella, R. (2018). Evaluation of environmental sustainability threshold of «humid» and «dry» building systems, for reduction of embodied carbon (CO2). VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability, 3(2), 17. doi:10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2018.11020Llatas, C., & Osmani, M. (2016). Development and validation of a building design waste reduction model. Waste Management, 56, 318-336. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.05.026Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives (Waste Framework Directive)https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32008L0098Protocolo de Gestión de Residuos de Construcción y Demolición en la UEhttp://aridosrecicladosdercd.es/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ES-TRA-01.pdfReal Decreto 105/2008, de 1 de febrero, por el que se regula la producción y gestión de los residuos de construcción y demolición; Ministerio de la Presidencia «BOE» núm. 38, de 13 de febrero de 2008; Ref. BOE-A-2008-2486https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2008/BOE-A-2008-2486-consolidado.pdfEuropean List of Waste (LER). Commission Decision of 18 December 2014 amending Decision 2000/532/EC on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Communities 30.12.2014, No L 370/44https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32014D0955Mihai, F.-C. (2019). Construction and Demolition Waste in Romania: The Route from Illegal Dumping to Building Materials. Sustainability, 11(11), 3179. doi:10.3390/su11113179Villoria Sáez, P., Del Río Merino, M., Porras-Amores, C., Santa Cruz Astorqui, J., & González Pericot, N. (2019). Analysis of Best Practices to Prevent and Manage the Waste Generated in Building Rehabilitation Works. Sustainability, 11(10), 2796. doi:10.3390/su1110279

The Enhancement of local Resources: research, Teaching and experimentation in L'Aquila

[EN] The construction sector has a major impact on current environmental issues. Through cost-effectiveness, it is possible to encourage construction sector operators to trigger voluntary environmental protection mechanisms. The use of local resources (including waste materials) is one of the possible strategies but requires specific and interdisciplinary training involving many aspects, including context analysis, demolition management, durability and reversibility control, and the ability to identify the performance of the construction system. The paper illustrates a path of research, teaching and experimentations concluded with the design and realization in self-construction of temporary modules, reusing waste materials from post-seismic reconstruction in L¿Aquila.De Gregorio, S.; De Berardinis, P.; Palmero Iglesias, LM. (2020). The Enhancement of local Resources: research, Teaching and experimentation in L'Aquila. TEMA. 6(1):86-95. https://doi.org/10.30682/tema0601hS86956

Sistema de Información Geográfica tipológico para el conocimiento y la conservación del patrimonio construido: un caso de estudio en el sur de Italia

[EN] A typological GIS is a system designed to store, analyse, manage and visualize geo-referred data about the built environment. It allows interactive queries to explore spatial relationships between buildings, improving the knowledge of the built heritage at different scales. For example, by running space-typological analysis, it is possible to extract information about the most used typologies in the existing buildings at different levels, from the urban scale to the construction detail. This knowledge shows a great potential in building design applications and may provide support for a correct design in urban renovation projects aimed to keep the character of the considered area unchanged and preserve its cultural and historical value. This work presents the first phase implementation of the typological GIS of an historical city centre set north of Naples and shows some examples of possible GIS queries for typological investigation of built environment at different detail levels.[ES] Un SIG (Sistema de Información Geográfica) tipológico, es un sistema diseñado para almacenar, analizar, gestionar y visualizar datos geo-referenciados sobre el entorno construido. Permite consultas interactivas para explorar las relaciones espaciales entre edificios mejorarando el conocimiento del patrimonio construido a diferentes escalas. Realizando un análisis espacio-tipológico, es posible extraer información de los edificios existentes sobre las tipologías más utilizadas a diferentes niveles, desde la escala urbana hasta el detalle constructivo. Este conocimiento, podría servir de apoyo para un correcto diseño en los proyectos de renovación urbana destinados a mantener inalterado el carácter de la zona considerada y preservar su valor cultural e histórico. Este trabajo presenta la primera fase de implementación del SIG tipológico de un centro histórico situado al norte de Nápoles, y muestra algunos ejemplos de posibles consultas del SIG para la investigación tipológica del entorno construido a diferentes niveles de detalle.This work has been developed within the SEND intra-university project, financed by the "V:ALERE 2019" funds (VAnviteLli pEr la RicErca) by the University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli". The field work was developed in the LABTECH (Laboratory of Architecture and Building TECHnologies) of University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", with the collaboration of many students. A warm thanks to them.Mollo, L.; Agliata, R.; Palmero Iglesias, LM.; Vigliotti, M. (2020). Typological GIS for knowledge and conservation of built heritage: a case of study in Southern Italy. Informes de la Construcción (Online). 72(559):1-7. https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.73697S1772559Chen, Z., & Poon, C. C. (2017). Comparing the use of sewage sludge ash and glass powder in cement mortars. Environmental Technology, 38(11), 1390-1398.https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2016.123065

Low-Carbon Tourism-Technical, Economic and Management Project of Greenway for Enhancing Inner Areas of the Cilento national park, Italy

[EN] In the light of recent emergencies represented by climate change and global warming, with the consequent policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, this research aims at offering a response to the need for decarbonization of anthropization processes of territories, on a building and urban scale. This study elaborates a methodology, according to an integrated qualitative-quantitative approach, which combines the strategic need for sustainable mobility with the need to enhance the value of natural and environmental interesting places, typical of the Mediterranean area and in particular the ones which represented the heart of Magna Graecia. This strategy is implemented through a growing mobility offer in recent years: sustainable cycling tourism, which is included in the wider and more widespread strategic action of greenways. However, these strategies do not often meet the interests of the public administration, which is refractory to face great costs in exchange for a hypothetical return on investment, in the long term; the result is the abandonment and degradation of territories characterized by a remarkable naturalistic, landscape and environmental value. The aim of this study, therefore, is to provide operators in the sector (public administration, Cilento National Park Authority, economic operators, etc.) with a decision-maintenance tool, through the definition of priority criteria for interventions, according to an economic sustainability approach of the intervention and adopting an integrated qualitative-quantitative methodology. The intervention, as a whole, involves a cycle path of about 600 km, passing through 70 countries of the territory. Therefore, assuming the impossibility of being carried out at the same time, as a whole, it has been divided into 23 functional lots: the methodology intends, precisely, to define the priority and necessity criteria that determine the classification of importance of the 23 routes (sub-interventions), identified in this study.Di Ruocco, G.; Palmero Iglesias, LM.; Blandón, B.; Melella, R. (2020). Low-Carbon Tourism-Technical, Economic and Management Project of Greenway for Enhancing Inner Areas of the Cilento national park, Italy. Sustainability. 12(23):1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390 /su122310012S130122

Passive energy saving strategies in vernacular architecture: parameterization of resources applied to a case study

[EN] There are numerous passive strategies for reducing energy consumption in Spanish traditional vernacular architecture, depending on external conditions and also on the intended use of the interior of these constructions. In the case study analyzed, localized in an interior area of Spain, known as La Mancha, a set of vernacular buildings have been studied. Solar protection and solar gain, for example, are the key resources related to solar control. While cross ventilation, self-ventilation, or induced ventilation are related to the energy efficiency of the airflow. Other mechanisms identified are, for example, thermal insulation and thermal inertia of the materials. All these K-factors have been checked and parameterized in order to understand these vernacular strategies. Finally, thanks to a comparison of such resources, the study achieved a set of criteria for the use of these solutions in contemporary local architecture.The authors would like to thank the European Union framework 7th program for making this work possible via the LIMA project as well as to the following fellowships: The R&D FPI-UPV (P.A.I.D. program of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia) and the FPU by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte.Cristini ., V.; Ruiz Checa, JR.; Higón Calvet, JL.; Palmero Iglesias, LM. (2015). Passive energy saving strategies in vernacular architecture: parameterization of resources applied to a case study. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment (Online). 153:287-297. https://doi.org/10.2495/STR150241S28729715

Feasibility of using green roof and shading device by adopting the total energy consumption approach: A case study in Tehran

[EN] Greenhouse gases are responsible for climate change, and the building sector is one of the main areas to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In terms of air pollution, Tehran is one of the top cities in the ranking (Heger and Sarraf 2018). Therefore, paying more attention to this issue is absolutely essential. GB (green building) is one of the parameters to achieve a sustainable city. This paper analyses GR (green roof) and SD (shading device), which are two crucial parts of a GB from the EC (energy consumption) approach in a residential building in Tehran city. The heating and cooling system in the building is based on natural gas and electricity. This paper compares energy consumption, including ELC (electricity consumption) and GC (gas consumption) before and after GR and SD to find out whether or not they are suitable for this building and the current case study.Cárcel-Carrasco, J.; Palmero Iglesias, LM.; Amani, N.; Rafat Gigasari, A. (2021). Feasibility of using green roof and shading device by adopting the total energy consumption approach: A case study in Tehran. Área de Innovación y Desarrollo,S.L. 153-159. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/19066815315

The CONDAP VOOC an autonomous modular course to improve skills, knowledge and competencies in sustainable construction

[EN] The CONDAP VOOC is a self-standing modular course for in-company mentors, who need to improve their skills, knowledge and competencies in sustainable construction using digital technologies in energy conservation and green generation. The CONDAP online course, was developed in the context of the third Intellectual Output, aiming to act as the main delivery method for the CONDAP curriculum and educational resources. The CONDAP VOOC, available in all partnership languages, has been grounded on evidence-based learning outcomes (coming out from extended labour market and skill needs analysis), reflects the structure of the developed curriculum as organized around learning units and lessons, and comprises (contextualized) the project’s training and assessment materials in an online form. It also integrates additional pedagogical resources such as video units, infographics, working assignments, and collaboration mechanisms to provide an optimal learning experience with increased collaboration opportunities. Overall, the CONDAP VOOC offers a modular, e-learning scheme, always available over the Internet, that supports the attainment of learning outcomes and places the “learner” at the heart of the educational process. The learner is given the flexibility to establish individuals learning goals and a personal learning path based on available content and materials.This work has been conducted within the framework of the CONDAP project "Digital skills for workplace mentors in construction sector apprenticeships" funded by the European Commission within the Key Action 2: Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practices, reference number 2018-1-UK01-KA202-048122.Cárcel Carrasco, FJ.; Peñalvo López, E.; Carnero, M.; Palmero Iglesias, LM. (2022). The CONDAP VOOC an autonomous modular course to improve skills, knowledge and competencies in sustainable construction. En Proceedings INNODOCT/21. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 147-154. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2021.2021.1342414715