Evaluation of Anthelmentic and Antimicrobial Activity of the Extract of the Root of the Plant Jasminum multiflorum(Andr.)

As per qualitative evaluation in different solvents of the root of the plant satisfies the presence of cardiac glycosides along with trace quantities of steroid and saponins. Among them the petroleum ether extract of the root of the plant Jasminum multiflorum was evaluated for anthelmintic activity and the ethanolic extract was evaluated for antimicrobial activity.1,2 Traditionally this species are used in indolent ulcer, pitta and inflammation. Only few CNS activity are reported on ethanolic extract of aerial part of the plant, though the root of the plant is more potent as per folkore claim. The petroleum ether extract was investigated for anthelmentic activity using earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) at different concentration (5mg/ml – 50 mg/ml). As standard albendazole suspension (10mg/ml) and 3% solution of normal saline was used as control. The death and paralysis time were recorded and compared. Extract exhibit significant anthelmentic activity at (100mg/ml) concentration and found effective.1,3,4The ethanolic fraction of the root of the plant was collected and evaporated to dryness under vacuum to avoid the presence of even less quantity of ethanol in the extract. Two Gram (+ve) bacteria namely Bacillius subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram (-ve) ve bacteria namely Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were selected for the estimation of antimicrobial activity depending on zone of inhibition. It was seen that 100mg/ml concentration of the extract showed maximum activity against Klebsiella pneumonia with a zone of inhibition 0.5mm and for others it ranged from 0.3 to 0.4 mm. 1,4,5 Keywords: Jasminum multiforum; anthelmintic; antimicrobial; zone of inhibitio

Climate risk and food security in Nepal—analysis of climate impacts on food security and livelihoods

Food security in Nepal is highly sensitive to climate risks. Recent climate-related events, such as the floods of 2008 and the winter drought of 2008/2009, have highlighted the potential impacts of climate on food production, access to markets and income from agricultural activities. However, the ways in which livelihoods and other vulnerabilities are linked to climate have not been well studied. The purpose of this analysis is to quantitatively and qualitatively assess climate (including climate variability, change and extremes) impacts on food security and livelihoods. The analytical method carried out for this research consisted of three components: (i) a dynamic analysis to evaluate the relationship between historic and current climatic variability and food security indicators, using long-term historical data; (ii) a descriptive analysis to establish a baseline against which vulnerability to future risks can be assessed, using household data from the Nepal Living Standards Survey 2010/2011 (NLSS-III); and (iii) a workshop with national stakeholders to validate the results and identify priority adaptation interventions

Crossover of the dimensionality of 3d spin fluctuations in LaCoPO

dc magnetization and 31^P spin lattice relaxation rate in the polycrystalline sample of LaCoPO suggest a spin fluctuation dominated ferromagnetically ordered state. Moreover, NMR data clearly indicate a crossover from 2D to 3D spin fluctuations across T_C. In contrast to isotropic hyperfine field, H_hf at the 31^P site in LaFePO, H_hf is anisotropic in LaCoPO. The data of spin lattice relaxation rate also exhibit anisotropic spin fluctuation. The anisotropy vanishes near T_C

Magnetic and electron transport properties of Co\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eSi nanomagnets

Magnetotransport and ferromagnetism in thin films of Co2Si nanoclusters are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The nanoclusters are fabricated by an inert-gas condensation-type cluster-deposition method and have an average size of 11.3 nm. Unlike the bulk Co2Si that exhibits a very weak net magnetic moment only below 10 K, the nanoclusters exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism with a substantial saturation magnetization. Key features of the system are its closeness to the Stoner transition, magnetic moments induced by spin polarization starting from surface atoms, and nonuniaxial anisotropy associated with the orthorhombic crystal structure of Co2Si. A method is introduced to determine the effective anisotropy using the experimental magnetization data of this complex system and its relationship with the two lowest-order nonuniaxial anisotropy constants. On decreasing temperature from 300 K, the nanoclusters show electron-transport properties unusual for a ferromagnetic metal, including an increase of Hall resistivity and a nonmonotonic change of negative magnetoresistance with a peak at around 100 K. The underlying physics is explained on the basis of the large polarization of surface spins and variation in the degree of their misalignments due to temperature-dependent effective anisotropy

LeMMINGs III. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of the Palomar sample: exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O iii] – radio connection

What determines the nuclear radio emission in local galaxies? To address this question, we combine optical [O iii] line emission, robust black hole (BH) mass estimates, and high-resolution e-MERLIN 1.5-GHz data, from the LeMMINGs survey, of a statistically complete sample of 280 nearby optically active (LINER and Seyfert) and inactive [H ii and absorption line galaxies (ALGs)] galaxies. Using [O iii] luminosity (L[O III]) as a proxy for the accretion power, local galaxies follow distinct sequences in the optical-radio planes of BH activity, which suggest different origins of the nuclear radio emission for the optical classes. The 1.5-GHz radio luminosity of their parsec-scale cores (Lcore) is found to scale with BH mass (MBH) and [O iii] luminosity. Below MBH ∼106.5 M⊙, stellar processes from non-jetted H ii galaxies dominate with Lcore ∝ MBH0.61 ± 0.33 and Lcore ∝ L[O III]0.79 ± 0.30. Above MBH ∼106.5 M⊙, accretion-driven processes dominate with Lcore ∝ MBH1.5-1.65 and Lcore ∝ L[O III]0.99-1.31 for active galaxies: radio-quiet/loud LINERs, Seyferts, and jetted H ii galaxies always display (although low) signatures of radio-emitting BH activity, with L1.5 GHz ≳ 1019.8 W Hz-1 and MBH ≳ 107 M⊙, on a broad range of Eddington-scaled accretion rates (m). Radio-quiet and radio-loud LINERs are powered by low-m discs launching sub-relativistic and relativistic jets, respectively. Low-power slow jets and disc/corona winds from moderately high to high-m discs account for the compact and edge-brightened jets of Seyferts, respectively. Jetted H ii galaxies may host weakly active BHs. Fuel-starved BHs and recurrent activity account for ALG properties. In conclusion, specific accretion-ejection states of active BHs determine the radio production and the optical classification of local active galaxies. © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Broad-band X-ray emission and the reality of the broad iron line from the neutron star–white dwarf X-ray binary 4U 1820−30

Broad relativistic iron lines from neutron star X-ray binaries are important probes of the inner accretion disc. The X-ray reflection features can be weakened due to strong magnetic fields or very low iron abundances such as is possible in X-ray binaries with low mass, first generation stars as companions. Here, we investigate the reality of the broad iron line detected earlier from the neutron-star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1820−30 with a degenerate helium dwarf companion. We perform a comprehensive, systematic broad-band spectral study of the atoll source using Suzaku and simultaneous NuSTAR and Swift observations. We have used different continuum models involving accretion disc emission, thermal blackbody and thermal Comptonization of either disc or blackbody photons. The Suzaku data show positive and negative residuals in the region of Fe K band. These features are well described by two absorption edges at 7.67 ± 0.14 keV and 6.93 ± 0.07 keV or partial covering photoionized absorption or by blurred reflection. Though, the simultaneous Swift and NuSTAR data do not clearly reveal the emission or absorption features, the data are consistent with the presence of either absorption or emission features. Thus, the absorption based models provide an alternative to the broad iron line or reflection model. The absorption features may arise in winds from the inner accretion disc. The broad-band spectra appear to disfavour continuum models in which the blackbody emission from the neutron-star surface provides the seed photons for thermal Comptonization. Our results suggest emission from a thin accretion disc (kT_(disc) ∼ 1 keV), Comptonization of disc photons in a boundary layer most likely covering a large fraction of the neutron-star surface and innermost parts of the accretion disc, and blackbody emission (kT_(bb) ∼ 2 keV) from the polar regions

Genetic, Pathophysiological and Clinical Aspects of Nephrocalcinosis

Nephrocalcinosis describes the ectopic deposition of calcium salts in the kidney parenchyma. Nephrocalcinosis can result from a number of acquired causes, but also an even greater number of genetic diseases, predominantly renal, but also extra-renal. Here we provide a review of the genetic causes of nephrocalcinosis, along with putative mechanisms, illustrated by human and animal data

Chiral Magnetism and High-Temperature Skyrmions in B20-Ordered Co-Si

Magnets with chiral crystal structures and helical spin structures have recently attracted much attention as potential spin-electronics materials, but their relatively low magnetic-ordering temperatures are a disadvantage. While cobalt has long been recognized as an element that promotes high-temperature magnetic ordering, most Co-rich alloys are achiral and exhibit collinear rather than helimagnetic order. Crystallographically, the B20-ordered compound CoSi is an exception due to its chiral structure, but it does not exhibit any kind of magnetic order. Here, we use nonequilibrium processing to produce B20-ordered Co1+xSi1−x with a maximum Co solubility of x = 0.043. Above a critical excess-Co content (xc = 0.028), the alloys are magnetically ordered, and for x = 0.043, a critical temperature Tc = 328 K is obtained, the highest among all B20-type magnets. The crystal structure of the alloy supports spin spirals caused by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, and from magnetic measurements we estimate that the spirals have a periodicity of about 17 nm. Our density-functional calculations explain the combination of high magnetic- ordering temperature and short periodicity in terms of a quantum phase transition where excess-cobalt spins are coupled through the host matrix