Perception of healthy eating among adults participating in the Eat-Mot survey in Brazil.

The purpose was to verify the association between sociodemographic and health characteristics with the perception of healthy eating among Brazilian participating in the international study Eat-Mot. The perception of healthy eating was investigated by frequency categorized into: never/rarely/sometimes and most of the times/always. Ordinal logistic regression was used to calculate “odds ratio” to verify the relationship between sociodemographic and health variables with the perception of healthy eating. Six hundred and sixty individuals participated, most of them women (74,7%) who have completed higher education or ongoing (77,6%). A good number of the interviewees perceived their diet as healthy (49,3%). In multivariate analysis, it was noted that there was a negative association between the perception of healthy eating with: be male (OR=0,45; IC95%: 0,31-0,64); have less education (high school: OR=0,51; IC95%: 0,35-0,74 and elementary school: OR=0,11; IC95%: 0,03-0,42); less practice of physical activity (>3 times/week: OR=0,40; IC95%: 0,25-0,63, 2-3 times/week: OR=0,29; IC95%: 0,16-0,52; <once/week: OR=0,24; IC95%: 0,14-0,41; and never: OR=0,13; IC95%: 0,08-0,22) and higher body mass index (OR=0,94; IC95%: 0,91- 0,97). The results showed the relevance of studies of this nature to encourage the adoption of multiple healthy behaviors, with special attention to the less educated male group.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Carcass characteristics and meat quality of heavy swine fed different citrus pulp levels

An assay with 36 swine initially weighting 83.7±5.1kg body weight (BW) was carried out to evaluate the effects of the use of different dietary citrus pulp levels, 0, 10%, 20%, and 30%, upon digestive organs weights, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of animals subjected to qualitative feed restriction program, and slaughtered at 130kg BW. Linear response (P<0.05) on the weight of stomach, colon, and liver were observed. Negative linear responses (P<0.05) on final BW and carcass yield relative to citrus pulp addition to the diet were observed. Although a negative linear effect (P<0.05) of increasing dietary levels of citrus pulp had been observed on ham weight, yield of this by product was not affected (P>0.05). Higher levels of citrus pulp neither decreased backfat thickness nor increased amount of lean meat, indicative that qualitative feed restriction was not efficient. Positive linear effect (P<0.05) on pH measured 24 hours after slaughter and negative linear effect (P<0.05) on color characteristics as function of citrus pulp dietary levels were verified. Citrus pulp addition in qualitative feed restriction program may not be effective. As no deleterious effects upon meat qualities were observed, citrus pulp can be used as an alternative feedstuff for finishing swine

Composição química e de ácidos graxos do músculo longissimus dorsi e da gordura subcutânea de tourinhos Red Norte e Nelore Chemical composition and of fatty acids of the muscle longissimus dorsi and backfat of Red Norte and young Nellore bulls

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos do músculo longissimus dorsi e da gordura subcutânea de tourinhos Red Norte e Nelore terminados em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 44 animais, sendo 22 Red Norte com peso vivo inicial médio de 367±30 kg e 22 do grupo Nelore com peso vivo inicial médio de 361±30 kg. Os animais receberam ração à vontade durante 112 dias e foram abatidos com 519 e 482 kg, respectivamente. Amostras do músculo longissimus dorsi e da gordura subcutânea foram coletadas 24 horas após abate entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas para análise da composição centesimal e do perfil de ácidos graxos. As análises de ácidos graxos foram realizadas por meio de cromatografia gasosa, em coluna capilar de 100 m. Não houve diferença na composição química da carne entre os grupos genéticos. Nos animais Red Norte, foram maiores os teores dos ácidos graxos pentadecanoico, palmítico, palmitoleico, linoleico e ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA), enquanto nos animais Nelore foi encontrado o maior teor de ácido oleico. O músculo longissimus dorsi apresentou maiores teores dos ácidos láurico, heptadecenoico, esteárico, linoleico, &#945;-linolênico e araquidônico. Em comparação ao músculo longissimus dorsi, na gordura subcutânea foram maiores os teores dos ácidos mirístico, miristoleico, pentadecanoico, palmítico, palmitoleico, oleico e CLA. Os animais Red Norte apresentaram maiores teores de ácidos graxos saturados em comparação aos Nelore. Em bovinos, o perfil de ácidos graxos depositados no músculo é diferente do observado na gordura subcutânea. O perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de tourinhos difere entre grupos genéticos.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle and the backfat thickness of Red Norte and Nellore young bulls finished in feedlot. Fourty-four animals (22 Red Norte with initial average weight of 367±30 kg and 22 Nellore at initial average weight of 361±30 kg) were used. The animals were fed ad libitum during 112 days, slaughtered at 519 and 482 kg, respectively. Samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle and backfat thickness were collected 24 hours after slaughter between the 12th and 13th ribs for analysis of the chemical composition and the fatty acids profile. Fatty acid analyses were performed by gas chromatography with a 100-m capillary column. There was no difference for the chemical composition of the meat between the genetic groups. Red Norte animals showed higher contents of pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fatty acids, while Nellore animals had the highest content of oleic acid. The muscle longissimus dorsi showed greater concentrations of lauric, heptadecenoic, stearic, linoleic, &#945;-linoleic and arachidonic acids. Comparing the fatty acid deposited in the longissimus dorsi muscle with backfat thickness, the latter showed higher contents of miristic, miristoleic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and CLA acids. Red Norte animals showed higher contents of saturated fatty acid than Nellore. In bovine, the profile of fatty acids deposited in the muscle is different than the that in the backfat thickness. The fatty acids profile of the meat from young bulls differs between genetic groups

Características da carcaça de bovinos de quatro grupos genéticos submetidos a dietas com ou sem adição de gordura protegida Carcass characteristics of bovines from four genetic groups fed diets with or without protected fat

Com o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento e as características de carcaça de quatro grupos genéticos de bovinos, foram abatidos 32 animais machos inteiros, dos grupos Nelore (N), F1 Canchim x Nelore (CN), F1 Limousin x Nelore (LN) e F1 Aberdeen Angus x Nelore (AN), com idade aproximada de 19 meses e peso vivo médio de 558 kg, terminados em regime de confinamento, recebendo dietas com ou sem adição de gordura protegida, durante 166 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, seguindo esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (dieta, grupo genético). Observou-se efeito do grupo genético sobre o rendimento de cortes primários, tendo o grupo AN apresentado as maiores médias de dianteiro (41,65%) e ponta de agulha (13.90%) e o grupo LN, o maior rendimento de traseiro (47,40%). A área de olho de lombo (AOL) sofreu efeito da dieta, apresentando médias de 81,31 cm² vs. 88,50cm², para as dietas sem e com gordura protegida, respectivamente. A composição física da carcaça foi influenciada pelo grupo genético, tendo o grupo LN apresentado a maior porcentagem de músculo (63,62%) e a menor porcentagem de tecido adiposo (21,65%), enquanto o grupo Nelore apresentou a maior porcentagem de tecido adiposo (28,28%) e menor porcentagem de músculo (56,76%). A composição química da seção HH sofreu efeito do grupo genético, tendo sido observados os maiores teores de proteína bruta nos grupos LN (27,24%) e CN (26,10%) e de extrato etéreo no grupo Nelore (68,35%), que não diferiu do grupo AN (68,02%). Os menores teores de Ca, P e Mg (2,62; 1,32; e 0,081%) foram observados no grupo Nelore.<br>The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the yield and carcass characteristics of steers from the following four genetic group: Nellore (N), F1 Canchim x Nellore (CN), F1 Limousin x Nellore (LN) and F1 Aberdeen Angus x Nellore (NA). For this purpose, 32 steers, with age of 19 months and live weight average of 558 kg, raised in confinement and fed diet with and without protected fat for 166 days, were slaughtered. A completely randomized design, with four replicates, following a factorial scheme of 2 x 4 (diet, genetic group), was used. The effect of genetic group was observed on the prime cuts yield and the group NA presented the greatest yield means of the hindquarter (41.65%) and spare ribs (13.90%) and the group LN presented a greater yield of forequarter (47.40%). The loin eye area (AOL) was affected by the diet, showing means of 81.31 cm² vs. 88.50 cm² in the diets without and with protected fat, respectively. The physical composition of the carcass was affected by the genetic group, and the group LN showed the greatest percentage of muscle (63.62%) and the lowest percentage of fat tissue (21.65%), while the group Nellore showed the greatest percentage of fat tissue (28.28%) and the lowest percentage of muscle (56.76%). The chemical composition of the HH section was affected by the genetic group, and the greatest contents of crude protein were observed in the groups LN (27.24%) and CN (26.10%), and the ether extract in the group Nellore (68.35%), that did not differ form the AN (68.02%). The lowest contents of Ca, P and Mg (2.62; 1.32 and 0.081%) were observed in the group Nellore