Pulmonary arterial hypertension related to connective tissue diseases

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAR) is an important complication of connective tissue diseases (CTD) and especially seen in systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). In systemic sclerosis, PAH is isolated or accompanied by interstitial lung disease and currently, a major cause of mortality. It has been shown to be developed in approximately 10% of cases and annual screening with echocardiography has been recommended. Right heart catheterization is required for definite diagnosis. Limited skin involvement, late onset, Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ulcers, telangiectasias, diminished nail fold capillaries, antiU3RNP and anticentromere antibodies are known as risk factors for PAH development in systemic sclerosis. Following diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) levels can be helpful for evaluating PAH development. PAH in SLE linked to antiphospholipid antibodies and Raynaud's phenomenon in some studies. MCTD is an overlap syndrome with features of systemic sclerosis, SLE, polymyositis and positive anti-U1RNP antibodies. PAH develops in 9-27% of the patients and the leading cause of mortality in patients with MCTD. Endothelin receptor antagonists, prostacyclin analogs and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors are being used in patients with systemic sclerosis. In SLE/MCTD patients with early diagnosis immunosuppressive treatments may be effective. (Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2010; 10: Suppl 1; 57-62

Symptoms and quality of life before and after stem cell transplantation in Cancer

Objective: This study was conducted thinking that it was extremely important in terms of the disease and treatment to assess the symptoms that may be encountered before and after a stem cell transplantation and quality of life

ANATOMY AND POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF LEYMUS RACEMOSUS (LAM.) TZVELEV SUBSP SABULOSUS (BIEB.) TZVELEV AND LEYMUS CAPPADOCICUS (BOISS. & BAL.) MELDERIS

The present study aims to evaluate the anatomy of leaf and stem as well as pollen morphology in two taxa, namely L. racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev subsp. sabulosus (Bieb.) Tzvelev and L. cappadocicus (Boiss. & Bal.) Melderis. Also, it is targeted to contribute to the morphology of these two taxa. The results have revealed varying anatomical characters in the types of stomata, wall appearance of the long cells, indumentum densities, dispositions of sclerenchyma around the vascular bundles, girders and strand shapes of the sclerenchymatic cells in the leaves, epidermal cell arrangements and epidermal cell sizes in the attachment points with sclerenchyma in the stems. Moreover, alternation in the pollen morphology concerning pollen size, operculum, undulation and the number of scabrae has also been demonstrated