Epidemic spreading on preferred degree adaptive networks

We study the standard SIS model of epidemic spreading on networks where individuals have a fluctuating number of connections around a preferred degree $\kappa$. Using very simple rules for forming such preferred degree networks, we find some unusual statistical properties not found in familiar Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi or scale free networks. By letting $\kappa$ depend on the fraction of infected individuals, we model the behavioral changes in response to how the extent of the epidemic is perceived. In our models, the behavioral adaptations can be either `blind' or `selective' -- depending on whether a node adapts by cutting or adding links to randomly chosen partners or selectively, based on the state of the partner. For a frozen preferred network, we find that the infection threshold follows the heterogeneous mean field result $\lambda_{c}/\mu =/$ and the phase diagram matches the predictions of the annealed adjacency matrix (AAM) approach. With `blind' adaptations, although the epidemic threshold remains unchanged, the infection level is substantially affected, depending on the details of the adaptation. The `selective' adaptive SIS models are most interesting. Both the threshold and the level of infection changes, controlled not only by how the adaptations are implemented but also how often the nodes cut/add links (compared to the time scales of the epidemic spreading). A simple mean field theory is presented for the selective adaptations which capture the qualitative and some of the quantitative features of the infection phase diagram.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure

A re-evaluation of finite-element models and stress-intensity factors for surface cracks emanating from stress concentrations

A re-evaluation of the 3-D finite-element models and methods used to analyze surface crack at stress concentrations is presented. Previous finite-element models used by Raju and Newman for surface and corner cracks at holes were shown to have ill-shaped elements at the intersection of the hole and crack boundaries. These ill-shaped elements tended to make the model too stiff and, hence, gave lower stress-intensity factors near the hole-crack intersection than models without these elements. Improved models, without these ill-shaped elements, were developed for a surface crack at a circular hole and at a semi-circular edge notch. Stress-intensity factors were calculated by both the nodal-force and virtual-crack-closure methods. Both methods and different models gave essentially the same results. Comparisons made between the previously developed stress-intensity factor equations and the results from the improved models agreed well except for configurations with large notch-radii-to-plate-thickness ratios. Stress-intensity factors for a semi-elliptical surface crack located at the center of a semi-circular edge notch in a plate subjected to remote tensile loadings were calculated using the improved models. The ratio of crack depth to crack length ranged form 0.4 to 2; the ratio of crack depth to plate thickness ranged from 0.2 to 0.8; and the ratio of notch radius to the plate thickness ranged from 1 to 3. The models had about 15,000 degrees-of-freedom. Stress-intensity factors were calculated by using the nodal-force method

MEDICINAL SIGNIFICANCE OF NOVEL COUMARINS: A REVIEW

Coumarone is a chemical compound found in many plants. Coumarone having diverse pharmacological properties popularly known as an antimicrobial, Analgesic anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, activities. Coumarone was also observed in all green color veggies, and also in fruits and their seeds, dark coffee, tea leafs, further it is used for herbal remedies due to having less toxicity, very cheaper. The most useful method for the synthesis of Coumarone is from phenol and ethyl acetate and also by using catalyst. In this paper we tried to update the observations of authors towards the biological and medicinal significance of novel the natural and synthetic coumarone derivatives

Carrier shifting algorithms for the mitigation of circulating current in diode clamped MLI fed induction motor drive

Abstract: Reduction of circulating current is one of the major considerations in inverter fed electrical drives. Diode clamped MLI enables higher output current per phase, thereby rating of the drive gets increased effectively. Various methods of triggering in the inverter legs creates better voltage profile and leads to the enabling of circulating current in the drive system. The induced circulating current flows through the apparatus neutral (N) and supply ground (G) is caused by the existence of parasitic capacitance. This circulating current may cause potential danger especially when parasitic capacitance poses large. In the past, different modulation techniques and conversion topologies have been introduced to minimize the flow of circulating current. However, these techniques lead to complexity, high cost, low voltage profile and efficiency due to lower modulation parameters. This paper proposes PS, POD, PD carrier shifting PWM algorithms for diode clamped MLI to tumbling the circulating current within the each phase of inverter legs. The performances of proposed algorithm, in terms of circulating current, THD, losses and efficiencies are analyzed theoreticallyand are validated via simulation and experimental results

A study on patients treated with interlock nailing in the forearm fracture bones

Background: Fractures involving the bones of the forearm present unique problems not encountered with fractures of other long bones and may significantly affect the function of the upper limb. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the functional outcome of patients treated with interlock nailing in the fracture forearm bones.Methods: Thirty two patients included after their consent. With the patient supine on a radiolucent table, and under general or regional anesthesia the extremity was prepared and the surgery was performed using a standard procedure. If secure rigid fixation is achieved forearm POP splint is applied and kept in place for 2 weeks, thereafter a removable sugar-tong orthosis is worn until bridging callus is present, and the orthosis is removed frequently for exercise.Results: The average age of the patients was 38.90 years. The major mode of injury was RTA (59.09%) followed by assault (36.36%). 41% of patients were operated within week of injury, only three patients were operated after a week and one patient after 3 weeks. More than half of patients had closed fractures and rest was open fractures, of which Gustilo Anderson type II were in majority. In 3/5 of patients locking at nondriving end was not done cause of stable fixation. There was statistically significant difference in the surgical time (P <0.05) and duration of postoperative immobilization differed statistically significantly (P <0.001) between the group of patients in whom locking was done and not done. Conclusions: Advantages of Interlocking nail are high rate of bony consolidation along with minimized surgical approaches, cosmetically better suited and little risk of refracture after removal of the implant

Functional outcome after autologous blood injection for tennis elbow

Background: Tennis elbow is one of most common conditions found in athletes involved in upper limb sports. It has been reported that local injection of autologous blood in tennis elbow offers significant benefit by providing the necessary cellular and humoral mediators to induce a healing cascade. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of autologous blood injection in the treatment of tennis elbow.Methods: 30 consecutive patients involved in upper limb sports and suffering from tennis elbow for more than 3 months duration not responsive to oral medication or other non-invasive treatment were given local injection of 2 ml autologous blood. Patients were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and Nirschl scores before giving injection and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks also at 6 and 9 months, repeat injection was given at 8 weeks if pain persisted.Results: After Autologous blood injection (ABI) at 4 weeks there is significant (P <0.001) decrease in VAS pain score and Nirschl score. Though VAS pain score and Nirschl stage continued to improve after 8 weeks, but statistically not significant.Conclusions: Autologous blood injection significantly improved clinical function and pain scores in patients with chronic tennis elbow who had previously undergone unsuccessful non-invasive treatment.

Nano-structured Exchange-spring Hard Magnetic Thin Films

AbstractIn exchange coupled nano-composite magnets, the length scale of the soft phase is limited to twice the domain wall thickness of the hard phase. We investigated the structural and magnetic properties of SmCo5/Co exchange coupled multilayer grown by magnetron sputtering from Sm and Co targets successively at elevated substrate temperature and subsequent in-situ annealing. X-ray diffraction indicates the formation of polycrystalline SmCo5 hard phase. Formation of hard/soft multilayered structure was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic hysteresis measurements showed single phase like behavior, which indicates the soft layer (Co) is well exchange coupled with the neighboring hard phase of SmCo5. Maximum energy product of 15.37 MGOe with HC ∼ 3.02 kOe was obtained

IMAGE RETRIEVAL FROM DATABASE USING DIFFERENT IMAGE FEAT

Image retrieval from the database is emerged due to the increased growth in number of images and also the application in several fields. Color, Edge, Texture, Contour, Autocorrelogram, Color Moments, Gabor wavelet are the some of features that represent the images and also these features are utilized for indexing of image. These features are seen as global and local. Gabor wavelet is used to extract texture feature. These features are referred as local features of an image. Color component is also a one of the feature called as global feature.HSV color model is used in this paper. Matching algorithm is used to match similarity between features stored in the database and query image features. The paper deals with image retrieval from the database using combined feature. Columbia Object Image Library (COIL) is a database used in this project.COIL-100 database is used for the experimental purpose

Experimental and Numerical Study on Vibration-Based Damage Detection and Localization in Laminated Composite Plates

Damage detection in composite materials is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of engineering structures. Conventional methods often face challenges in accurately identifying damage in plate-like structures, particularly in scenarios involving multiple damages or small-scale delamination. This study focuses on investigating the detection and localization of delamination in composite plates by employing both experimental and numerical modal analysis. An eight-ply woven Glass-Epoxy composite laminate with and without damage was prepared with the aid of hand lamination technique. Laminate was fixed to a Clamped-Free-Free-Free (CFFF) boundary condition for experimental modal analysis by introducing controlled damage to examine its impact on modal properties. To validate the natural frequencies (NFs) of damaged and undamaged composite laminates, a numerical analysis was conducted using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). Further, to advance the understanding of using modal shapes and their spatial derivatives for damage localization in composite plates under various damage situations, post-processing of simulation results was conducted using MATLAB. Finite Difference Method has been employed to calculate the derivatives, and a novel damage index (DI) is proposed to enhance damage localization capabilities. The results affirm that the proposed DI is effective and precise in identifying damage in plate-like structures, both for individual and multiple damage scenarios. This research study presents a novel approach for identifying and pinpointing damage in composite plates, thereby making a valuable contribution to the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) application