Multiple Objective Programming Support

This paper gives a brief introduction into multiple objective programming support. We will overview basic concepts, formulations, and principles of solving multiple programming problems.To solve those problems requires the the intervention of a decision-maker. That's why behavioral assumptions play an important role in multiple objective programming. Which assumptions are made affects which kindof support is given to adecision maker. We will demonstrate how a free search type approach can be used to solve multiple objective programming problems

Searching the Efficient Frontier in Data Envelopment Analysis

In this paper, we deal with the problem of searching the efficient frontier in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Our aim is to show that the free aim approach developed to make a search on the efficient frontier in multiple objective programming can also be used in DEA. This kind of analysis is needed when among others a) a radial projection is not acceptable, b) there are restrictions on some input and output values, or c) a decision maker (DM) would like to make a decision making unit (DMU) with the most preferred input and output values. The search can be applied to CCR/BCC-models, input-oriented/output-oriented models, and to the models with extra constraints. To make a free search on the efficient frontier, we recommend the use of Pareto Race (Korhonen and Wallenius [1988]) for this purpose. In Pareto Race, the DM may simply control the search with some function keys. The information is displayed to the DM as bar graphs and in numeric form. The search can be terminated at any time, the DM wishes. A numerical example is used to illustrate the approach

Image charge dynamics in time-dependent quantum transport

In this work we investigate the effects of the electron-electron interaction between a molecular junction and the metallic leads in time-dependent quantum transport. We employ the recently developed embedded Kadanoff-Baym method [Phys. Rev. B 80, 115107 (2009)] and show that the molecule-lead interaction changes substantially the transient and steady-state transport properties. We first show that the mean-field Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation does not capture the polarization effects responsible for the renormalization of the molecular levels neither in nor out of equilibrium. Furthermore, due to the time-local nature of the HF self-energy there exists a region in parameter space for which the system does not relax after the switch-on of a bias voltage. These and other artifacts of the HF approximation disappear when including correlations at the second-Born or GW levels. Both these approximations contain polarization diagrams which correctly account for the screening of the charged molecule. We find that by changing the molecule-lead interaction the ratio between the screening and relaxation time changes, an effect which must be properly taken into account in any realistic time-dependent simulation. Another important finding is that while in equilibrium the molecule-lead interaction is responsible for a reduction of the HOMO-LUMO gap and for a substantial redistribution of the spectral weight between the main spectral peaks and the induced satellite spectrum, in the biased system it can have the opposite effect, i.e., it sharpens the spectral peaks and opens the HOMO-LUMO gap.Comment: 18 pages, 26 figure

An Algorithm for Projecting a Reference Direction onto the Nondominated Set of Given Points

In this paper, we consider the problem of searching nondominated alternatives in a discrete multiple criteria problem. The search procedure is based on the use of a reference direction. A reference direction reflects the desire of the decision maker (DM) to specify a search direction. To find a set of given alternatives related somehow to the reference direction specified by the DM, the reference direction has to be projected onto the set of nondominated alternatives. Our purpose is to develop an efficient algorithm for making this projection. The projection of each given reference direction determines a nondominated ordered subset. The set is provided to a decision maker for evaluation. The decision maker will choose the most preferred alternative from this subset and continues the search from this alternative with a new reference direction. The search will end when no direction of of improvement is found. A critical point in the procedure is the efficiency of the projection operation. This efficiency of our algorithm is considered theoretically and numerically. The projection is made by parametrizing an achievement scalarizing function originally proposed by Wierzbicki (1980) to project any single point onto the nondominated set

Distributed Performance Analysis on the Internet Using a Centric Database

In many areas of life it is useful to be able to compare one's own performance to some general benchmark data. The Internet provides a way of realizing such a comparison so that the original database can be hidden from users by locating it in a server computer and users can test their individual data in a distributed manner. An interactive and graphical user interface can be implemented with the tools of the World-Wide Web (WWW). We introduce a World-wide INTEractive Regression Analysis (WINTERA) system that operates via the Internet. The system enables a user to carry out regression analysis with an original database and evaluate the performance of the data vector of her or his own. There are two kinds of users in the system. Data suppliers enter their observation matrices to form databases. Ordinary users can evaluate observations of their own with respect to existing databases. They can also suggest their observations to be included in the databases. the data supplier decides whether (s)he accepts or rejects the information. This means that the whole database is accessible only to the data supplier. In any case, ordinary users receive information about their performance

Ternary nucleation of H_2SO_4, NH_3 and H_2O

A classical theory of the ternary homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acid—ammonia—water is presented. For NH3 mixing ratios exceeding 1 ppt, the presence of ammonia enhances the binary (sulfuric acid—water) nucleation rate by several orders of magnitude. However, the limiting component for ternary nucleation—as for binary nucleation—is sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid concentration needed for significant ternary nucleation is several orders of magnitude below that required in binary case

Effect of Fish Meal Level on Growth, Food Digestibility and Fur Properties of Farmed Mink (Mustela Vison)

. Our study sought to determine the effects of normal vs high fish meal levels in the diet on the growing-furring process and apparent food digestibility of farmed male mink (Mustela vison). The subjects were two groups of juvenile dark mink born in May and weaned in August. The experiment started after weaning with two diet groups: (1) normal level of fish meal (NOR), i.e. 4.5% of diet, and (2) high level of fish meal (HIGH), i.e. 10.0% of diet. We found that the mink on the high fishmeal (HIGH) diet consumed slightly more fresh food than the mink on the normal fishmeal diet (NOR) (total consumption 30.6 kg vs 28.1 kg). The mink in the NOR group ingested almost the same amount of food as dry matter and energy as the mink in the HIGH group. On October 22, the body weights of the HIGH group animals were significantly higher than those of the NOR animals. At the final weighing on December 3 (at pelting), a tendency for the body weights of NOR mink was noted to be lower than those of HIGH mink. Skin length was significantly shorter in NOR than in HIGH mink. The number of white wool skins (i.e. fur defect) was higher in NOR than in HIGH mink (4 vs 2 skins). Statistically significant differences in other fur variables were not found between the groups. The apparent digestibility of protein, fat and organic matter was significantly better in HIGH than in NOR mink. Our findings tempt us to conclude that the proportion of fish products, at least those of fishmeal, can be increased in the diet of farm-raised juvenile mink

Effect of fish meal level on growth, food digestibility and fur properties of farmed mink (Mustela vison)

v2012o

Quadratic Pareto Race

This paper presents a dynamic and visual "free search" type of a decision support system -- Quadratic Pareto Race, which enables a decision maker (DM) to freely search the efficient frontier of a multiple objective quadratic-linear programming problem by controlling the speed and direction of motion. The values of the objective functions are presented in a numeric form and as bar graphs on a display. The implementation of Quadratic Pareto Race is based on the theoretical foundations developed by Korhonen and Yu (1996). The system is implemented on a microcomputer and illustrated using a numerical example