Valoración de la Estrategia Didáctica Innovadora S. Q. A. que facilite a la docente el desarrollo del contenido “Plantas Gimnospermas” en estudiantes de octavo grado B del Instituto Santa Teresa, del municipio de Santa Teresa / Carazo en el I semestre del año 2015

La presente investigación se realizó en el Instituto Nacional Santa Teresa, de Santa Teresa-Carazo, con el que se valoró la aplicación de la estrategia didáctica innovadora S. Q. A. para facilitar a la docente de Ciencias Físico Naturales, el desarrollo del contenido “Plantas Gimnospermas” en sus estudiantes de octavo grado B, durante el I semestre del año lectivo 2015; con el propósito de analizar la influencia de la poca aplicación de estrategias didácticas innovadoras en dicho contenido, grado y centro. El estudio se realizó bajo un enfoque cualitativo, ya que en la recolección y análisis de datos no se utilizaron datos estadísticos solamente los aportes de los informantes claves. Donde se describieron las estrategias de enseñanza- aprendizaje que estaba usando la docente en el desarrollo del contenido en mención. Se aplicó un diseño transversal, puesto que se realizó en un período corto de tiempo de agosto a octubre del año 2015; para lo cual se usó el método inductivo propio de este enfoque, consistente en explorar y luego generar perspectivas teóricas, mediante la aplicación de instrumentos de recolección de información como fueron: la encuesta dirigida a la docente y al director, la guía de observación directa, guía dirigida al grupo focal y el respectivo análisis documental Entre las conclusiones más importantes podemos señalar que la docente conoce variadas estrategias didácticas que le podrían facilitar el desarrollo de sus clases y la asimilación de contenidos en sus estudiantes, sin embargo, solamente hace uso de algunas estrategias tradicionales dificultando la apropiación de aprendizajes significativos del grupo, en la III unidad (Seres vivos pluricelulares “Metafitas”), en el contenido “Plantas Gimnospermas” de la disciplina de Ciencias Físico Naturales. La poca aplicación de estrategias didácticas innovadoras durante el desarrollo de la disciplina, dificultan el interés y la motivación, promoviendo la indisciplina en horas de clase. No se hace uso oportuno de medios y recursos existentes en el centro (aula TIC, del medio), desaprovechando su utilidad para el desarrollo pertinente del contenido Plantas Gimnospermas. Para contribuir con el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa se diseñó una propuesta de aplicación de la estrategia didáctica innovadora S. Q. A. en función a las necesidades observadas y planteadas, que permitan mayores aprendizajes significativos

Vocabulario de la sociedad civil, la ruralidad y los movimientos sociales en América Latina

El Vocabulario de la Sociedad Civil, la Ruralidad y los Movimientos Sociales en América Latina tiene como objetivo desarrollar vocablos relacionados con temas de gran trascendencia para la vida colectiva de la población Latinoamericana; pretende introducir a estudiantes, personas del ámbito académico y activistas en la comprensión de estas categorías de análisis. A través de la mirada de 70 especialistas que participaron en este vocabulario, es posible comprender muchos de los términos que se utilizan dentro de la investigación social y áreas relacionadas con las ciencias políticas, ambientales y rurales, a partir de una mayor explicación y detalle. Es por ello que se inserta este trabajo desde una mirada colectiva y amplia de los conceptos que se exponen. En este libro podrá encontrar las ideas de varios autores y autoras de distintas universidades, con una visión multi, inter y transdisciplinaria. El esfuerzo que se realizó para conjuntar varios términos y analizar su compleja red de interpretaciones, permitirá que este manuscrito pueda ser consultado por estudiantes, personas del ámbito científico-académico, y ciudadanía; porque contiene el estado del arte, la historia del paulatino avance de múltiples conceptos y su vigencia en el contexto actual

Navigating the Chemical Space and Chemical Multiverse of a Unified Latin American Natural Product Database: LANaPDB

The number of databases of natural products (NPs) have increased substantially. Latin America is extraordinarily rich in biodiversity enabling the identification of novel NPs, which has encouraged both the development of databases and the implementation of those that are being created or are under development. In a collective effort from several Latin American countries, herein we introduce the first version of Latin American Natural Products Database (LANaPDB), a public compound collection that gathers the chemical information of NPs contained in diverse databases from this geographical region. The current version of LANaPD unifies the information from six countries and contains 12,959 chemical structures. The structural classification showed that the most abundant compounds are the terpenoids 63.2%, phenylpropanoids 18% and the alkaloids 11.8%. From the analysis of the distribution of properties of pharmaceutical interest, it was observed that many LaNaPDB compounds satisfy some drug-like rules of thumb for physicochemical properties. The concept of the chemical multiverse was employed to generate multiple chemical spaces from two different fingerprints and two dimensionality reduction techniques. Comparing LaNaPDB with FDA-approved drugs and the major open-access repository of NPs, COCONUT it was concluded that the chemical space covered by LaNaPDB completely overlaps with COCONUT and in some regions with FDA-approved drugs. LANaPD will be updated adding more compounds from each database plus the addition of databases from other Latin American countries. The database is freely available at https://github.com/alexgoga21/LaNaPDB

Profiling the natural product-likeness of Latin American compound libraries

Compound databases of natural products play a crucial role in drug discovery and development projects and have implications in other areas, such as food chemical research, ecology and metabolomics. Recently, we put together the first version of the Latin American Natural Product database (LANaPDB) as a collective effort of researchers from six countries to ensemble a public and representative library of natural products in a geographical region with a large biodiversity. The present work aims to conduct a comparative and extensive profiling of the natural product-likeness of a recently updated version of LANaPDB and the individual ten compound databases that form part of LANaPDB. The natural product-likeness profile of the Latin American compound databases is contrasted with the profile of other major natural product databases in the public domain and a set of small-molecule drugs approved for clinical use. As part of the extensive characterization, we employed several chemoinformatics metrics of natural product likeness. The results of this study will capture the attention of the global community engaged in natural product databases, not only in Latin America but across the world

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press

Description and performance of track and primary-vertex reconstruction with the CMS tracker

A description is provided of the software algorithms developed for the CMS tracker both for reconstructing charged-particle trajectories in proton-proton interactions and for using the resulting tracks to estimate the positions of the LHC luminous region and individual primary-interaction vertices. Despite the very hostile environment at the LHC, the performance obtained with these algorithms is found to be excellent. For tbar t events under typical 2011 pileup conditions, the average track-reconstruction efficiency for promptly-produced charged particles with transverse momenta of p(T) > 0.9GeV is 94% for pseudorapidities of |η| < 0.9 and 85% for 0.9 < |η| < 2.5. The inefficiency is caused mainly by hadrons that undergo nuclear interactions in the tracker material. For isolated muons, the corresponding efficiencies are essentially 100%. For isolated muons of p(T) = 100GeV emitted at |η| < 1.4, the resolutions are approximately 2.8% in p(T), and respectively, 10μm and 30μm in the transverse and longitudinal impact parameters. The position resolution achieved for reconstructed primary vertices that correspond to interesting pp collisions is 10–12μm in each of the three spatial dimensions. The tracking and vertexing software is fast and flexible, and easily adaptable to other functions, such as fast tracking for the trigger, or dedicated tracking for electrons that takes into account bremsstrahlung