QUALITY OF ECONOMIC SPACE: MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS AT THE MESO-LEVEL

The research of theoretical and methodological issues of assessing the quality of the economic space of Russian regions has been conducted. The concepts of economic space and its quality, institutional environment of economic space have been substantiated. In order to determine the integral indicator of the standard of living and the quality of the economic space, the method of a systematic approach has been applied, which allowed the authors to justify and identify the system-forming indicators of the quality of the ec onomic space and the features of the relationship between them. The developed method of assessing the quality of economic space at the meso-level allows you to form a rating of investment attractiveness of the subjects of the Federation and determine the integral indicator of the quality of life of the population of the regions. The results of the study can be used in the development of investment rating and typology of Russian regions, implementation of social policy and state regulation of spatial development

Read, spot and translate

We propose multimodal machine translation (MMT) approaches that exploit the correspondences between words and image regions. In contrast to existing work, our referential grounding method considers objects as the visual unit for grounding, rather than whole images or abstract image regions, and performs visual grounding in the source language, rather than at the decoding stage via attention. We explore two referential grounding approaches: (i) implicit grounding, where the model jointly learns how to ground the source language in the visual representation and to translate; and (ii) explicit grounding, where grounding is performed independent of the translation model, and is subsequently used to guide machine translation. We performed experiments on the Multi30K dataset for three language pairs: English–German, English–French and English–Czech. Our referential grounding models outperform existing MMT models according to automatic and human evaluation metrics

Исследование параметрических взаимодействий при регулировании ядерного реактора с обратной связью

This article considers the principal theoretical possibility of regulating a nuclear power reactor under changing operating modes conditions when external periodic disturbances take place in conditions of changing the operating mode. By the external periodic perturbation a downward change in the conditions of the heat sink was meant. The magnitude of the changes was preliminarily calculated in such a way that the operating conditions of the power plant did not exceed the boundaries of the safe operation zone of the reactor. In the case of approaching the operation parameters to the critical ones, the heat sink was increased until the working conditions returned to their previous state. In this work the amplitude frequency response of a non-linearly enhanced system in the nuclear power plant operating conditions when non-linearly reacting to external periodic influences has been studied. The external cyclic disturbances effect produced on the reactor that initially existed under stationary operating conditions has been considered. The research was carried out by numerical simulation of the competition between processes occurring in a nuclear power plant and determined by the system’s reaction time and relaxation time while responding to periodic external influences. Calculations of the relaxation time dependence on the fixed frequency-revealing external influence’s temperature are presented. Also, the relaxation time dependence on the frequency of external influence at a fixed temperature for systems with various relaxation periods was calculated. It is determined that when the dependence between system temperature and the external influence time is calculated, there exists a wide range of possible frequency control. To evaluate the behavior of a nuclear power reactor under conditions of operating modes changes, a fundamental physical mathematical model of the reactor’s state under external harmonic influence is presented. It is based on the nonlinear Riccati equation. The external harmonic effect was simulated by changing the heat supply and heat removal conditions near the critical point.Рассмотрена принципиальная теоретическая возможность регулирования ядерного энергетического реактора, находящегося под воздействием внешних периодических возмущений, в условиях изменения режимов работы. Под внешним периодическим возмущением подразумевалось изменение условий теплоотвода в сторону уменьшения. Величина изменений предварительно расcчитывалась таким образом, чтобы условия работы энергетической установки не выходили за границы зоны безопасной работы реактора. В случае приближения параметров работы к критическим теплоотвод увеличивался до момента возвращения условий работы в прежнее состояние. Изучен амплитудный частотный отклик нелинейно обостренной системы в условиях работы ядерной энергетической установки, нелинейно реагирующей на внешние периодические воздействия. Рассмотрено воздействие внешних циклических возмущений на реактор, исходно находящийся в стационарном рабочем состоянии. Проведены исследования путем численного моделирования конкуренции процессов, протекающих в ядерной энергетической установке, которые определяются временем реакции и временем релаксации системы на периодическое внешнее воздействие. Представлены расчеты зависимости времени релаксации от температуры внешнего воздействия при фиксированной частоте, времени релаксации от частоты внешнего воздействия при фиксированной температуре для систем с разным временем релаксации. Определено, что при расчете зависимости температуры системы от времени внешнего воздействия существует широкая зона возможного частотного регулирования. Для оценки поведения ядерного энергетического реактора в условиях изменения режимов работы создана принципиальная физико-математическая модель состояния реактора, находящегося под внешним гармоническим воздействием, на основе нелинейного уравнения Риккати. Внешнее гармоническое воздействие моделировалось путем изменения условий теплоподвода и теплоотвода вблизи критической точки

Myeloperoxidase/paraoxonase ratio as a prognostic marker for post-COVID syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A cross-sectional cohort study

The present study aimed to assess the impact of post-COVID syndrome on the oxidative status and activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and leukocyte elastase in the blood of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methods. In this cross-sectional cohort study, 290 patients undergoing HD were included. The oxidative status was assessed based on the levels of blood malondialdehyde (MDA), ceruloplasmin, thiol compounds (SH-groups), and the serum activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and elastase were determined. Results. It was found that HD patients exhibited an elevation in oxidative processes, characterized by increased blood concentrations of MDA, MPO, elastase activity, and a decrease in the levels of SH-groups and arylesterase activity of PON-1. Patients with post-COVID syndrome showed further increases in MPO activity and a decrease in arylesterase activity of PON-1. Additionally, a statistically significant elevation in the MPO/PON-1 ratio was observed in HD patients with post-COVID syndrome compared to the control group and patients examined before the onset of the pandemic (p < 0.0001). The MPO/PON-1 ratio exhibited a direct correlation with serum MDA levels (p < 0.0001) and inversely correlated with the concentration of ceruloplasmin (p = 0.0008). The MPO/PON-1 value surpassing 9.06 units was identified as a predictive marker for PCS, demonstrating a specificity of 68.4% and a sensitivity of 88.5%. Conclusions. Our study highlights a significant impact of post-COVID syndrome on oxidative processes in HD patients, as evidenced by elevated MDA levels and MPO activity, along with reduced levels of antioxidants and arylesterase activity of PON-1. The MPO/PON-1 ratio emerges as a promising predictive marker for post-COVID syndrome, underlining its potential clinical relevance in identifying at-risk patients

Transverse momentum dependence of semi-inclusive pion production

Cross sections for semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions ($\pi^{\pm}$) from both proton and deuteron targets were measured for $0.2<x<0.5$, $2<Q^2<4$ GeV$^2$, $0.3<z<1$, and $P_t^2<0.2$ GeV$^2$. For $P_t<0.1$ GeV, we find the azimuthal dependence to be small, as expected theoretically. For both $\pi^+$ and $\pi^-$, the $P_t$ dependence from the deuteron is found to be slightly weaker than from the proton. In the context of a simple model, this implies that the initial transverse momenta width of $d$ quarks is larger than for $u$ quarks and, contrary to expectations, the transverse momentum width of the favored fragmentation function is larger than the unfavored one.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures. Fit form changed to include Cahn effect Minor revisions. Added one new figur

The Onset of Quark-Hadron Duality in Pion Electroproduction

A large data set of charged-pion electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets has been obtained spanning the low-energy residual-mass region. These data conclusively show the onset of the quark-hadron duality phenomenon, as predicted for high-energy hadron electroproduction. We construct several ratios from these data to exhibit the relation of this phenomenon to the high-energy factorization ansatz of electron-quark scattering and subsequent quark-to- pion production mechanisms.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett. Tables adde