Feeding strategies and energy to protein ratio on tambaqui performance and physiology

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da privação alimentar e da realimentação com dietas contendo diferentes relações entre energia e proteína (E/P) sobre o desempenho e a fisiologia de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Utilizou-se arranjo fatorial 4x2 com três repetições, com quatro relações E/P (11,5, 10,5, 9,5 e 8,5 kcal g‑1 de energia digestível por proteína) e dois regimes alimentares (com e sem privação), durante 60 dias. Peixes do grupo com privação alimentar permaneceram em jejum por 14 dias e foram realimentados do décimo quinto ao sexagésimo dia, enquanto os demais foram alimentados por 60 dias. Ao final do período experimental, o peso dos peixes submetidos à privação alimentar foi menor do que o dos alimentados continuamente; entretanto, esta condição não influenciou os parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados. Tambaquis alimentados com 11,5 kcal g‑1 obtiveram menor peso que os alimentados com as demais dietas, em ambos os regimes. Entre os parâmetros fisiológicos, apenas a proteína plasmática apresentou aumento significativo nos peixes alimentados com 8,5 kcal g‑1, em ambos os regimes alimentares, provavelmente em razão da maior concentração de proteína na dieta. Esses resultados mostram que os peixes apresentam crescimento compensatório parcial em todos os tratamentos, e que 10,5 kcal g‑1 pode ser recomendada para a dieta de juvenis de tambaqui.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feed deprivation and refeeding with diets containing different energy to protein ratios (E/P) on the performance and physiology of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). A 4x2 factorial arrangement with three replicates was used, with four E/P ratios (11.5, 10.5, 9.5, and 8.5 kcal g‑1 digestible energy per protein) and two feeding regimens (with and without deprivation), during 60 days. Fish from the food‑deprived group were fasted for 14 days and refed from the fifteenth to the sixtieth day, whereas the remaining fish were fed for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, weight of fish subjected to food deprivation was lower than that of those continuously fed; however, this condition did not influence the physiological parameters analyzed. Tambaqui fed 11.5 kcal g‑1 achieved lower final weight than those fed with the other diets, in both regimens. Among the physiological parameters, only plasma protein presented significant increase in fish fed 8.5 kcal g‑1, in both feeding regimens, probably due to the higher dietary protein concentration. These results indicate that fish show a partial compensatory growth, and that 10.5 kcal g‑1 can be recommended for the diet of juvenile tambaqui

Feeding strategies and energy to protein ratio on tambaqui performance and physiology

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feed deprivation and refeeding with diets containing different energy to protein ratios (E/P) on the performance and physiology of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). A 4x2 factorial arrangement with three replicates was used, with four E/P ratios (11.5, 10.5, 9.5, and 8.5 kcal g-1 digestible energy per protein) and two feeding regimens (with and without deprivation), during 60 days. Fish from the food-deprived group were fasted for 14 days and refed from the fifteenth to the sixtieth day, whereas the remaining fish were fed for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, weight of fish subjected to food deprivation was lower than that of those continuously fed; however, this condition did not influence the physiological parameters analyzed. Tambaqui fed 11.5 kcal g-1 achieved lower final weight than those fed with the other diets, in both regimens. Among the physiological parameters, only plasma protein presented significant increase in fish fed 8.5 kcal g-1, in both feeding regimens, probably due to the higher dietary protein concentration. These results indicate that fish show a partial compensatory growth, and that 10.5 kcal g-1 can be recommended for the diet of juvenile tambaqui

Respostas fisiológicas e desempenho do tambaqui alimentado com dietas suplementadas com castanha da Amazônia

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of Amazonian nut (Bertholletia excelsa) as an alternative source of vegetal protein in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diet. Performance and physiological status of fish fed for 60 days were evaluated. Four experimental isonitrogenous diets with 36% crude protein were formulated with increasing levels of nut meal (0, 10, 20 and 30%). Results showed the same growth performance for fish fed with diet with different levels of Amazonian nut than that without this ingredient (control). Analysis of physiological parameters (hematocrit, erythrocyte number, hemoglobin concentration, hematimetric indexes, total plasma protein and plasma glucose) corroborate these results, with no significant differences among treatments. Therefore, adding up to 30% of Amazonian nut in tambaqui diet there is no negative effect on physiological homeostasis and growth performance, indicating that the Amazonian nut is a promising alternative dietary protein source ingredient for tambaqui