Negotiating the atrocious past : an exploration of the impact of the legacies of the Nazi-period on the third generation of post-war Germans

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-89)

ShapeStacks: Learning Vision-Based Physical Intuition for Generalised Object Stacking

Physical intuition is pivotal for intelligent agents to perform complex tasks. In this paper we investigate the passive acquisition of an intuitive understanding of physical principles as well as the active utilisation of this intuition in the context of generalised object stacking. To this end, we provide: a simulation-based dataset featuring 20,000 stack configurations composed of a variety of elementary geometric primitives richly annotated regarding semantics and structural stability. We train visual classifiers for binary stability prediction on the ShapeStacks data and scrutinise their learned physical intuition. Due to the richness of the training data our approach also generalises favourably to real-world scenarios achieving state-of-the-art stability prediction on a publicly available benchmark of block towers. We then leverage the physical intuition learned by our model to actively construct stable stacks and observe the emergence of an intuitive notion of stackability - an inherent object affordance - induced by the active stacking task. Our approach performs well even in challenging conditions where it considerably exceeds the stack height observed during training or in cases where initially unstable structures must be stabilised via counterbalancing.Comment: revised version to appear at ECCV 201

An application of a generalized Korn inequality to energies studied in general relativity giving the smoothness of minimizers

We combine a Korn type inequality with Widman’s hole filling technique to prove the interior regularity of minimizers for energies occurring in General Relativity. In addition we provide a new variant of this Korn type inequality valid for the nonquadratic case

Fanleaf degeneration/decline disease of grapevines

NYS IPM Type: Fruits IPM Fact SheetFanleaf degeneration/decline disease is one of the most severe viral disease complexes of grapevine worldwide. It is also one of the oldest known viral diseases of Vitis vinifera with descriptions of symptoms being reported in Europe as early as 1841. This disease is now known to affect grapevines in all temperate regions where Vitis vinifera and hybrid rootstocks are grown. Within the United States, fanleaf degeneration/decline is widespread in California, but has also been observed in Washington State, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York and Missouri

Scrutinizing and De-Biasing Intuitive Physics with Neural Stethoscopes

Visually predicting the stability of block towers is a popular task in the domain of intuitive physics. While previous work focusses on prediction accuracy, a one-dimensional performance measure, we provide a broader analysis of the learned physical understanding of the final model and how the learning process can be guided. To this end, we introduce neural stethoscopes as a general purpose framework for quantifying the degree of importance of specific factors of influence in deep neural networks as well as for actively promoting and suppressing information as appropriate. In doing so, we unify concepts from multitask learning as well as training with auxiliary and adversarial losses. We apply neural stethoscopes to analyse the state-of-the-art neural network for stability prediction. We show that the baseline model is susceptible to being misled by incorrect visual cues. This leads to a performance breakdown to the level of random guessing when training on scenarios where visual cues are inversely correlated with stability. Using stethoscopes to promote meaningful feature extraction increases performance from 51% to 90% prediction accuracy. Conversely, training on an easy dataset where visual cues are positively correlated with stability, the baseline model learns a bias leading to poor performance on a harder dataset. Using an adversarial stethoscope, the network is successfully de-biased, leading to a performance increase from 66% to 88%

Der Einfluss viraler Gene auf Zelltropismus: Transposonmutagenese des Genoms des murinen Herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68)

Das zur Familie der Herpesviridae, Unterfamilie Gammaherpesvirinae, gehörende murine Herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) besitzt mit 118 kbp wie die zu den Betaherpesvirinae gehörenden murinen und humanen Cytomegalieviren (MCMV und HCMV) mit ca. 230 kbp ein sehr großes Genom. Die Mehrzahl der 80 offenen Leserahmen wurde noch nicht charakterisiert. Zur Untersuchung dieser Gene ist die zufällige Herstellung viraler Mutanten die effiziente Methode, um zu neuen Erkenntnissen bezüglich ihrer Funktion zu gelangen. Aufgrund des großen Anteils nicht oder nur wenig charakterisierter Gene am viralen Genom und der oftmals nur geringen Homologie zu offenen Leserahmen anderer nah verwandter Herpesviren ist für MHV-68 ein Verfahren der „forward genetics“ diejenige Möglichkeit, welche den größten Erfolg verspricht. Dies beinhaltet eine ungezielte Mutagenese des viralen Genoms mit blinder Rekonstitution und nachfolgender Charakterisierung derjenigen Rekombinanten, welche einen interessanten Phänotypen zeigten. Bisher war die Herstellung rekombinanter MHV-68-Klone sehr arbeitsintensiv, da man diese gänzlich mit den Mitteln durchführen musste, welche die Methodik der Zellkultur zur Verfügung stellte. Aufgrund der Klonierung des MHV-68-Genoms als ein künstliches bakterielles Chromosom (BAC), der Etablierung des Verfahrens der Transposonmutagenese und mittels der Möglichkeit der Rekonstitution viraler Rekombinanten durch invasive Bakterien wurde diese Methode der klassischen oder forward genetics möglich. In dieser Arbeit wurde erstmals eine Mutagenese des Genoms von MHV-68 durchgeführt, die resultierenden viralen Rekombinanten rekonstituiert und einer phänotypischen Untersuchung unterzogen. Hierbei wurde das Wachstum der Mutanten auf sechs verschiedenen Zelllinien verglichen. Dies sollte grob augenscheinliche Unterschiede der rekombinanten Viren im Vergleich zu einer Wildtyp-Kontrolle nachweisen, wobei die von Brune et al. bereits etablierte Methodik an die Erfordernisse des MHV-68-Genoms angepasst werden konnte. Bezüglich des viralen Wachstums in Endothelzellen auffällig erscheinende Mutanten zeigten eine Häufung der Tn-Insertionen in der Genregion um ORF 10. Wachstumskurven bestätigten die Rolle von ORF 10 für die Fähigkeit des Virus in Endothelzellen zu replizieren. Dieses ist der erste Hinweis für eine interessante biologische Funktion dieses viralen ORFs, die in weiteren Arbeiten zu sichern und zu analysieren ist

Enhancing Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation at Challenging Junctions with Pyridine Scaffolds

To expand the scope of native chemical ligation (NCL) beyond reactions at cysteine, ligation auxiliaries are appended to the peptide N-terminus. After the introduction of a pyridine-containing auxiliary, which provided access to challenging junctions (proline or β-branched amino acids), we herein probe the role of the pyridine-ring nitrogen. We observed side reactions leading to preliminary auxiliary loss. We describe a new easy to attach β-mercapto-β-(4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)-ethyl (MMPyE) auxiliary, which 1) has increased stability; 2) enables NCL at sterically encumbered junctions (e. g., Leu-Val); and 3) allows removal under mildly basic (pH 8.5) conditions was introduced. The synthesis of a 120 aa long peptide containing eight MUC5AC tandem repeats via ligation of two 60mers demonstrates the usefulness. Making use of hitherto unexplored NCL to tyrosine, the MMPyE auxiliary provided access to a head-to-tail-cyclized 21-mer peptide and a His6-tagged hexaphosphorylated peptide comprising 6 heptapeptide repeats of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain.Peer Reviewe