108 research outputs found
Fouling and Rejection Behaviour of Ultrafiltration for Oil in Water Emulsion Separation
Oily waste water has been generated from food, automotive, metal processing industries as well as petroleum exploration and refinery. Polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane was investigated for treatment of oil in water emulsion. The emulsion models were made based on industrial oily wastewater characteristic in the oil refinery. Flux and rejection were evaluated in order study the fouling and rejection behaviour. Results showed that more than 90% of COD and 85% surfactant were rejected. The permeate flux decline was analyzed in order to study the membrane fouling. In addition, the Hermia model is adopted to investigate the fouling mechanism during ultrafiltration of oil in water emulsion. Analyze of blocking mechanism using Hermia’s model reveal that ultrafiltration of both diesel and mineral oil have good agreement with complete blocking mechanism
STUDI EVALUASI EFISIENSI PEMAKAIAN AIR UNTUK OPERASIONALISASI OPEN RECIRCULATING COOLING WATER SYSTEM PADA INDUSTRI TEKSTIL (Studi Kasus Pada Industri Tekstil PT. X)
A lot of industrial use water in their process to support their operational. One of the
systems that use a lot of water in a textile industry is the cooling water system. In this system,
water is taken from water source (etc: deep well). The water is then flown into a condenser that
is connected with a chiller and is used as a media to decrease the temperature of the production
machine, room, and all the equipment that is used in the industry. There is two kind of Cooling
water system: 1.) Once through system, which a cooling system that runs water through the
system once, then the water discarded. 2.) Recirculation system, which is a cooling system that
circulates water so it will be reused. The advantage of once through system is that the system can
run well cause the quality of the water can be maintained. But the disadvantage is the use of
water will be very big or will be squandered. On the contrary using the recirculation system can
save more water. This study will evaluate the efficiency of water using in the open recirculation
cooling water system. The statistic test result taken from three units of the textile industry, shows
that the changes of the debit are comparable to the changes of concentration and the changes of
the temperature (∆T) from the water bait hardness and the blow down water. To reach an optimal
level of the temperature in the cooling system can be done by adjusting the water bait debit and
the blow down. To establish the optimization in the blow down can be done by analyzing the
regression and the correlation between debit cycles and the temperature changing (∆T). The
graph shows that debit cycles will be optimal when the temperature changing (∆T) is optimal
too, that is when the ∆T=5°C. The evaluation of the efficiency is done by comparing the amount
of water that is been use between the once through system and the open recirculation system in
the optimum level. Without counting the debit, we can also count the efficient by using the
optimality of the system. In the once through system the cycles is considered as 1 (one), cause
there is no cycles in this system. The optimal cycles in cooling system in Weaving unit, the
Spinning unit and the Diesel unit is 2,6; 2,5; and 2,5. Because of that the calculation of the
efficient evaluation of the water using in the cooling system of PT. X in the Diesel and Spinning
unit is 60% and in the Weaving unit is 62%.
(key words : cycles, debit, hardness, delta T, efficiency
Efficiency of Multi Soil Layering (MSL) System in A Household Scale of Wastewater Treatment Using Environmental Friendly Materials
Most community settlements in Indonesia do not have a household scale of a wastewater treatment plant. Fatal impacts on the environment and human health can occur at any time, including (a) causing environmental damage (disaster), (b) damaging beauty/aesthetics for the scenery will be unpleasant and foul-smelling, (c) polluting water bodies, and (d ) endangering health. The purpose of this study is to optimize the Multi Soil Layering (MSL) System to treat domestic wastewater (greywater) using environmentally friendly materials that are available in Indonesia. The research method used the MSL system with the first variation using a batch system with Hydraulic retention time (HRT) for 24 hours and the second variation using an intermittent system with 3, 6, 9 hours HRT. The results showed that the MSL system was able to eliminate COD well. The highest COD removal efficiency was 93.44% at 9 hours HRT, but the effluent quality did not meet the required quality standards. The development of MSL systems that produces an effluent quality that meets the quality standards needs to be studied further
Pengaruh Penambahan Limbah Sayuran Terhadap Kandungan C-organik Dan Nitrogen Total Dalam Vermikomposting Limbah Rumen Dari Sapi Rumah Potong Hewan (Rph)
Limbah isi rumen dari rumah potong hewan (RPH) yang belum terkelola secara optimal memungkinkan menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif pengolahan limbah isi rumen adalah dengan metode vermikomposting. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk menambah selera makan cacing tanah adalah dengan menambahkan limbah sayuran pada pengolahan limbah isi rumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan variansi penambahan limbah sayuran sebesar 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% dari berat limbah isi rumen. Penambahan limbah sayuran pada penelitian ini pada kondisi awal mampu meningkatkan kandungan C-Organik dan N-Total. Akan tetapi, penambahan tersebut justru menurunkan rasio C/N. Selama proses vermikomposting terjadi degradasi C-Organik sebesar 69,71% dan degradasi N-Total sebesar 52,16%. Produk yang dihasilkan dari proses vermikomposting disebut kascing dan cacing tanah. Pada saat kascing dipindahkan dari reaktor vermikomposting, proses degradasi C-Organik, N-Total, dan rasio C/N masih berlangsung. Kandungan kascing mulai stabil pada hari kesembilan dari kascing dipindakan dar reaktor vermikomposting. Kualitas kascing yang dihasilkan masih belum memenuhi atau memiliki nilai yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kriteria kompos yang tercantum pada SNI 19-7030-2004 maupun dibandingkan dengan kulitas kompos lainnya
Studi Pengaruh Tegangan Dan Flowrate Gas Terhadap Konsentrasi Cod Dan Warna Pada Limbah Cair Industri Tekstil Dengan Teknologi Plasma
The textiles wastewater has high concentrate of COD and Color. The initial of COD concentration is 3250 mg/L and concentration of color is 2727 PtCo. The wastewater treatment with plasma technology has several advantages compares to other treatments. This research has been conducted to analyze the effects of voltage (9,11,13kV) and oxygen flowrate (0.25,0.5,1.0 L/m) on COD and color concentration. The pretreatment on this research was using filter papper and 5 minutes aeration with pure oxygen. Based on this research and discussion of qualitative and quantitative statistical test, voltage and flowrate variations affect the concentration of COD and color. The greater voltage and flowrate are used, the smaller COD and color concentration being resulted after the process. The highest removal efficiency occures at 13 kV of voltage and 1 L/min of flowrate. By this condition, removal efficiency of COD is 68% with a final concentration 833 mg/L and efficiency of color parameters is 71% with final concentration 455 PtCo
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