Continuous and Simultaneous Measurement of Micro Multiphase Flow Using confocal Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (Micro-PIV)

This paper was presented at the 4th Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2014), which was held at University College, London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute, ASME Press, LCN London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL University College London, UCL Engineering, the International NanoScience Community, www.nanopaprika.eu.The objective of the paper is to present a “Multicolor Confocal Micro Particle Image Velocimetry (Micro-PIV)” technique to visualize and measure dynamic behavior of each phase of micro multiphase flow separately and simultaneously. The technique is applied to two types of micro two-phase flow. The first case is to investigate a mechanism of micro droplet formation at a micro T-shaped junction. The measurement data are compared to the numerical simulation using the CIP method. The second case is to investigate the tank-tread motion of red blood cell induced by the surrounding plasma flow

Estimating the Potential Value of Variable Rate Nitrogen Applications: A Comparison of Spatial Econometric and Geostatistical Models

Site-specific crop response functions (SSCRFs) are useful for estimating the value of variable rate nitrogen applications (VRA), but appropriate statistical models are necessary. Problems estimating SSCRFs using experimental field data include region, spatial, treatment, and strip dependent heteroskedasticity and correlation. We develop a spatial autoregressive error (SARE) model for dealing with these problems and compare results with previous analysis based on a geostatistical (GEO) model. VRA value estimates for the two models differ notably for 1995 data from Southern Minnesota. Furthermore, findings show that the results of a comparison of model performance are location specific.geostatistics, precision agriculture, site-specific crop response functions, spatial autoregressive error, variable rate nitrogen application, Crop Production/Industries,

Evidence of Temporal Variation in Site-Specific Crop Response to Fertilizer Inputs

Replaced with revised version of paper 07/27/06.Crop Production/Industries,

Technique for producing wind-tunnel heat-transfer models

Inexpensive thin skinned wind tunnel models with thermocouples on certain surface areas were fabricated. Thermocouples were designed for measuring aerodynamic heat transfer in wind tunnels

The Inability of Ambipolar Diffusion to set a Characteristic Mass Scale in Molecular Clouds

We investigate the question of whether ambipolar diffusion (ion-neutral drift) determines the smallest length and mass scale on which structure forms in a turbulent molecular cloud. We simulate magnetized turbulence in a mostly neutral, uniformly driven, turbulent medium, using a three-dimensional, two-fluid, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) code modified from Zeus-MP. We find that substantial structure persists below the ambipolar diffusion scale because of the propagation of compressive slow MHD waves at smaller scales. Contrary to simple scaling arguments, ambipolar diffusion thus does not suppress structure below its characteristic dissipation scale as would be expected for a classical diffusive process. We have found this to be true for the magnetic energy, velocity, and density. Correspondingly, ambipolar diffusion leaves the clump mass spectrum unchanged. Ambipolar diffusion appears unable to set a characteristic scale for gravitational collapse and star formation in turbulent molecular clouds.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. ApJ accepte