Histological study on the staining potentials of Aqueous extract of Ceratonia Siliqua bark

This study was designed to determine the staining potentials of aqueous extract of Ceratonia Siliqua bark adapted for the first time as a counter stain in Haematoxylin and Eosin staining reaction. The staining solution was used to stain liver, lung and kidney sections. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of tannin (hennatonic acid or Lawsone), while results of the staining reactions showed that Ceratonia siliqua at a low pH, has intense staining qualities, confirming further that the effectiveness of a stain is influenced by the pH of its environment.Key words: Ceratonia siliqua, Extract, Haematoxylin and Eosin, Counterstain, General tissue structure

The effect of L-arginine on contralateral testes following 7200 Torsion - Detorsion of the Ipsilateral testes.

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of torsion-detorsion on ipsilateral testes at 7200 and at time intervals, on the histology of contralateral testes. 20 male rats (130-200g) were involved in the study and allowed to acclimatize for three weeks. They were fed with commercial livestock feeds and tap water ad-libitum, and grouped into seven groups (A-G) of three rats each. In groups A-F, unilateral testicular torsion lasting for 15, 30, and 45 minutes was created. Alternate groups (A, C, and E) were treated intraperitoneally with 150mg/kg/body weight of  Larginine for 1 hour after detorsion, while the remaining groups (B,D,F) were untreated with L-arginine but still allowed to undergo 1 hour detorsion. Group G served as the control. The results showed that group A presented normal seminiferous tubules with intact sertoli cells, and germ cells at various stages of development. The untreated group B presented atrophic seminiferous tubules with loss of germs cells and no luminal spermatozoon, while group D presented normal features except for interstitial hemorrhage. Normal features were observed for groups E (treated) and F (untreated). Thus, L-arginine tends to reduce oxidative stress in the contralateral testes thereby preventing interstitial oedema and preserving the spermatogenic series.Keywords: Torsion-detorsion, Ipsilateral, Contralateral, L-arginine, Ischemia, Reperfusion

Tobacco Induced Priapism in Wister Rat: A Case Report

In an eight-week study on the effect of potash-tobacco dust ingestion on rats, a persistent penile erection for days was observed amongst some of the rats under study. This study involved a total of 42 Wister rats of weights rangingbetween 150-300g and grouped into four groups (A, B, C and D). Group A served as control, while groups B – Dserved as test groups and received 2g, 4g, and 6g of tobacco-dust, as well as 0.4g, 0.8g, and 1.2g of potash respectively, with water given ad libitum. By the 4th week, a persistent penile erection was observed in one of the rats in group C, and by the 6th week, a similar incident occurred in group C and D respectively, prompting serial observation. By the 8 week, gangrenous changes were observed, followed by necrosis and death of the rats on the 10th day from onset. The control rats (group A), which received normal feed and water, remained normal.Keywords: Priapism, Rat, Tobacco, Potash, Penile erectio

Effect of L-Arginine on testicular histology following 7200 torsion - detorsion

This study evaluates the effect L- arginine on testicular histology following 7200 torsion-detorsion at different time intervals. Twenty male rats (130- 200g) were used. They were grouped into seven groups of three rats each (A-G) with group G as control. With an atraumatic silk suture through the tunica albuginea, unilateral testicular torsion was created in groups A-F by rotating the left testicles in the clockwise direction along the longitudinal axis for 15, 30, and 45 minutes respectively. Alternate groups (A,C,E) were treated intraperitoneally with 150mg/kg body weight of L- arginine for 1 hour after detorsion, while the remaining groups (B,D,F) were untreated. The results showed that the control tissue sections presented normal features while group B (untreated) presented atrophic seminiferous tubules with no luminal spermatozoon. Similarly, group C (treated) presented severe oedema, atrophic seminiferous tubules with hyperplasia of germ cells, and reduction in size and thickness of lining cells of the seminiferous tubules. The untreated group E however, showed mild oedema but normal seminiferous tubules with luminal spermatozoa and germ cells in various stages of development, while group F showed severe interstitial oedema as well as loss of germ cells. Comparatively therefore, there was an improvement in the treated group E as compared with that of the untreated group F. Our results suggest therefore, that L- arginine tends to reduce oxidative stress in torsioned  testes and helps maintain the seminiferous epithelium, thereby preserving the cells of the spermatogenic seriesKey words: Testicular torsion, L-arginine, Ischemia-reperfusion, Rotation, Spermatic cor

The effect of Carica Papaya seeds on the Histology of the Liver in Wistar rats

This study investigates the effect of oral ingestion of Carica papaya seeds on the liver histology of growing Sprague Dawley rats. The study involved 40 growing rats (95.0±10.0grams). They were divided into eight groups of 5 rats each: A (control; n=5), B (n=10), C (n=10) and D (n=10). Group A1 and A2 served as the acute and chronic control respectively. Group B1, C1 and D1 served as the sub-acute test while group B2, C2 and D2 served as the chronic test. The rats were fed with varying doses of powdered Carica papaya seed (6, 8, 10grams). Group A1, B1, C1 and D1 were fed for 3 weeks while Group A2, B2, C2 and D2 were fed for 6 weeks. The results showed test group B1 presented infarction with haemorrhage and exudations. B2 presented pyknosis and eosinophilic cells with cellular degeneration. C1 presented pyknosis, parenchymal erosion and mild vacuolation, haemorrhage and embolism and C2 presented severe vacuolation and pyknosis. D1 presented palour, vacuolation (V) and arterial wall disruption and D2 presented pyknotic cells with transitional phases of karyohexis and karyolysis, parenchymal erosion and severe vacuolation. The observations suggest Carica papaya seeds are toxic to the liver and may induce hepatic damages in a dose and duration dependent manner.Key words: Carica papaya seed, Liver, Traditional medicine, Nigeria

COVID-19 in Singapore and New Zealand: Newspaper portrayal, crisis management

News frames influence destination reputation. Research primarily focuses on social media impact relative to destination reputation. Newspaper reporting is a major source of information which remains a study area underexplored when assessing news media framing. This study fills the gap by analyzing how newspapers from tourist generating countries such as China, USA, and Australia portrayed reputable destinations like New Zealand's and Singapore's efforts to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. The ProQuest library database was used to collect 192 newspaper articles. The software Qualtrics Text iQ and Leximancer were used to track sentiments, identify themes and concepts correlating with literature on tourism crisis management. Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic yields a negatively lower sentiment value for New Zealand, than Singapore's higher sentiment value. The contribution lies in the relationship concept emphasizing shifts in destination reputation corollary to crisis management, and to account for reputation fluctuations in media framework theory