A sub-national economic complexity analysis of Australia’s states and territories

© 2017 Regional Studies AssociationA sub-national economic complexity analysis of Australia’s states and territories. Regional Studies. This paper applies economic complexity analysis to the Australian sub-national economy (nine regions with 506 exported goods and services). Using a 2009 Australian multi-regional input–output table for base data, we determine the number of export goods or services in which each state and territory has a revealed comparative advantage, and visualize the complexity of Australia’s interstate and international exports. We find that small differences in industrial capability and knowledge are crucial to relative complexity. The majority of states (especially Western Australia) export primarily resource-intensive goods, yet interstate trade has many complex products that are not currently internationally exported

Geographic variations and temporal trends of Salmonella-associated hospitalization in the U.S. elderly, 1991-2004: A time series analysis of the impact of HACCP regulation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>About 1.4 million <it>Salmonella </it>infections, a common food-borne illness, occur in the U.S. annually; the elderly (aged 65 or above) are most susceptible. In 1997, the USDA introduced the Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Systems (PR/HACCP) which demands regular <it>Salmonella </it>testing in various establishments processing meat products, such as broiler chickens. Impact evaluations of PR/HACCP on hospitalizations related to <it>Salmonella </it>are lacking.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Hospitalization records of the U.S. elderly in 1991-2004 were obtained from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services. Harmonic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the long-term trends of <it>Salmonella</it>-related hospitalizations in pre- and post-HACCP periods. Seasonal characteristics of the outcome in the nine Census divisions of the contiguous U.S. were also derived and contrasted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Predicted rates decreased in most divisions after 1997, except South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central. These three divisions also demonstrated higher overall hospitalization rates, pronounced seasonal patterns, and consistent times to peak at about 32^ndto 34^thweek of the year.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The impact of HACCP was geographically different. South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central divisions should be targeted in further <it>Salmonella </it>preventive programs. Further research is needed to identify the best program type and timing of implementation.</p

Trade Damage Estimation for the 2019 Market Facilitation Program and Food Purchase and Distribution Program

Executive Summary: This paper outlines the methodology USDA employed to estimate the level of gross trade damage caused by retaliatory tariffs to U.S. agricultural exports by commodity. Those estimates were used to determine the 2019 Market Facilitation Program (MFP) payment rates and the value of commodities to be targeted for purchase under the 2019 Food Purchase and Distribution Program (FPDP). The paper also outlines the formulas employed to calculate MFP county rates for non-specialty crops, as well as national MFP rates for specialty crops, hogs, and milk. USDA announced details on those programs on July 25, 2019. For more details about the trade mitigation programs, visit https://www.farmers.gov/manage/mfp. Rulemaking and related documents, including the Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), for trade mitigation programs can be found at https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=CCC-2019-0003

Boxed Beef & Fed Cattle Price Spread Investigation Report

Report Introduction: The markets and processing systems responsible for the production and sale of U.S. beef were disrupted by two separate events in 2019 and 2020. The first occurred when the Tyson Fresh Meats (Tyson) beef packing plant in Holcomb, Kansas closed for four months following a fire at the facility on August 9, 2019, which disrupted processing systems and markets. The second occurred as COVID-19 spread throughout the U.S. in 2020, which resulted in further and more significant market disruptions. In the weeks and months after both events, the difference – or spread – between the Choice boxed beef cutout values and dressed fed cattle prices rose to records levels. In response to the rising spreads, the Secretary of Agriculture directed the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) to investigate the fed cattle and beef market impacts from the Tyson fire and then expand the investigation to include the COVID-19 impacts. The purpose of the investigation is to examine whether any regulated entities violated the Packers and Stockyards Act by taking advantage of the situation through price manipulation, collusion, restrictions of competition, or other unfair practices. This report, prepared by AMS in coordination with USDA’s Office of the Chief Economist, first summarizes market conditions, fed cattle prices, boxed beef values, and the spread before and after the fire and plant closure at the Tyson Holcomb plant. The report then summarizes market conditions, fed cattle prices, boxed beef values, and the spread before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It does not examine potential violations of the Packers and Stockyards Act. The investigation into potential violations is ongoing, and therefore, AMS has limited ability to publicly report the full scope and status of the investigation

U.S. Biobased Products Market Potential and Projections Through 2025

This study is based upon data and assumptions as of 2006 which are not reflective of recent market developments. These assumptions were used to identify the market potential for biobased products - their production volumes and applications - through the year 2025. Market penetration was assessed based on information available through April 2006 and benchmark assumptions with respect to factors such as policy, biobased feedstock prices, and energy prices. Recent results of the benchmark assumptions have not materialized; corn prices have increased, the market prices for biofuels are lower, and the infrastructure costs continue to increase. If such trends that lead to low profit margins continue there will be a slowing effect on the biofuels industry. With the dynamic nature of the biobased industry affecting short term developments, the long term trends toward 2025 could vary widely based upon future policy, research, and market developments. Development of the biobased products industry can be expected to spur increased investment in processing and manufacturing facilities in rural America. This investment will both expand employment opportunities for rural residents and spur demand for farm products. Substantial growth is to be expected, especially in a high-priced oil and natural gas environment. For example, the global chemical industry is projected to grow 3 - 6 percent per year through 2025, with biobased chemicals’ share of that market rising from 2 percent currently to 22 percent or more by 2025. The science and technology for producing biobased products have advanced to the point that a wide array of products such as fuels, chemicals, and materials currently produced from petroleum feedstocks can now be produced from biobased feedstocks. Moreover, these products can compete on a performance basis with products made from petrochemical feedstocks. The shift toward greater use of biobased products will be linked to the development of biorefineries capable of producing both liquid fuels and streams of feedstocks for a wide range of biobased products. But to achieve the forecast growth, a number of scientific and processing impediments must be cleared including the development of improved fermentation processes, improved biocatalysts and integration of biomass conversion into large-scale biorefineries. Currently and for the next 10 years, grains will be one of the primary feedstocks for biobased product production, corn being the primary feedstock and oilseed crops playing a growing role. However for biobased products and biofuels to achieve expected targets, it will be necessary to develop processes for utilizing a broad range of plant and animal material and animal waste. Economically viable cellulosic conversion of plant material will be critical. Public sector investments in research and product development have played and will continue to play an important role in developing and deploying biobased products

The Effects of dual-class recapitalizations on the wealth of shareholders : a study /

"June 1, 1987."Cover title.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet

The Impact of targeted share repurchases (greenmail) on stock prices : a study /

"September11, 1984."Cover title.Bibliography: p. [1] (2nd group)Mode of access: Internet

Irrigation Organizations 2019 Summary

Scope and Purpose: This work was conducted by the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) and Economic Research Service (ERS), in collaboration with the Office of the Chief Economist (OCE). It provides a greater understanding of local irrigation organizations, their operations, and their impact on drought resilience. Increasing demands on the Nation’s limited water resources has heightened the need for information on local management decisions and infrastructure systems that can help guide agricultural drought responses. Limited data on how water-supply entities respond to water scarcity hinders local water management decisions. NASS and ERS developed a national survey to provide the first updated dataset of local water-supply management entities since the Census Bureau conducted the 1978 Census of Irrigation Organizations. Over the last several decades, many aspects of local water management institutions have changed, including the number and size of irrigation organizations, the pricing structures used for cost recovery, the increasing demand for new types of water quantity data, and the expanding emphasis on groundwater management. This report provides a nationally representative assessment of irrigation water-delivery entities and groundwater management districts serving the U.S. agricultural irrigated sector

Institutional ownership, tender offers, and long-term investments : a study /

"April 19, 1985."Cover title.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet