Alkaloids and coumarins from Ruta species

Although there are a number of Ruta species in the world, R. graveolens L., R. chalepensis L., R. montana (L.) L., R. angustifolia Pers. and R. pinnata L. fil. are the most studied. However, the first two of them have been the most extensively investigated for their chemical constituents and biological activities. They are used for their anthelmintic, diuretic, emmenagogue, and aphrodisiac properties. In dermatology, they are used against psoriasis and vitiligo, and as mycosis fungicides. In many countries, the plant extracts have been used as birth control agents

Cephalopod remains in the diet of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Cephalopod remains from the stomachs of three striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and two Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) taken as bycatch in the swordfish fishing in the eastern Mediterranean Sea off Turkish coast were examined. Totally 478 lower beaks were identified as belonging to 14 cephalopod species. For the striped dolphins, Abralia veranyi was the most common prey (51.2% of all the beaks found in this species), followed by Onychoteuthis banksii and Heteroteuthis dispar. For the Risso's dolphins, Histioteuthis reversa was the most common species (60.9%) and all the other species shared less than 10% of all the beaks found. In the stomachs of the striped dolphins, there were remains of some fish and shrimps, while only cephalopod remains were detected in those of the Risso's dolphins. Most prey species were oceanic cephalopods, with wide vertical distribution and diurnal movement. Many of the cephalopods identified in the diet of these dolphins are bioluminescent suggesting that these dolphins use bioluminescence as a target when feeding on cephalopods

GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Stachys cretica subsp smyrnaea

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Stachys cretica L. subsp. smyrnaea Rech. fil. (Lamiaceae), endemic to Turkey, was investigated by using GC and GC-MS. Thirty-four of 37 components, represented 99.7% of the total oil, were identified. The major components of the essential oil were trans- beta-caryophyllene (51.0%,), germacrene-D (32.8%), alpha-humulene (3.1%), delta-cadinene (2.1%) and delta-elemene (2.1%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, trans- beta-caryophyllene and five different extracts of the aerial parts of S. cretica L. subsp. smyrnaea were investigated by the standard disc diffusion method. The essential oil and trans-beta-caryophyllene exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities. The activity increased with increasing concentrations of the essential oil and the extracts. The essential oil showed antimicrobial activity, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The extracts exhibited either moderate or no activity

Antioxidant activity of Erica arborea

The antioxidant properties of the methanol extract of leaves and flowers of Erica arborea and the ethyl acetate, butanol and water soluble fractions were investigated. The ethyl acetate extract was found to be the richest for phenolic and flavonoid content which showed the highest antioxidant activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

GC-MS Analysis of the Antioxidant Active Fractions of Micromeria juliana with Anticholinesterase Activity

The aerial parts of Micromeria juliana (L.) Bentham ex Reichb. were extracted with light petroleum, acetone and methanol, successively. The antioxidant activity of different concentrations of the extracts was evaluated using different antioxidant tests, namely total antioxidant (lipid peroxidation inhibition activity), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and metal chelating. Total antioxidant activity was determined using the beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay. Unexpectedly, the light petroleum extract exhibited strong lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. The extract was fractionated on a silica gel column and the antioxidant activity of the fractions was determined by the beta-carotene-linoleic assay at 25 mu g/rnL concentration. The fractions that exhibited more than 50% inhibition activity were analysed by GC and GC/MS; thus, the structure of fourteen compounds were elucidated. In addition, acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the extracts were also determined in vitro. The light petroleum and acetone extracts Were found to have mild butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity

Transfer learning and fine-tuned transfer learning methods' effectiveness analyse in the CNN-based deep learning models

Object detection is a type of application that includes computer vision and image processing technologies, which deal with detecting, tracking, and classifying desired objects in images. Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that enables computers and systems to derive information from digital images and take action or suggestions based on that information. CNN is one of the current methods of object detection due to its ease of use and GPU-supported parallel working features. Due to the aim of completing deep learning model training quickly or due to insufficient dataset, many studies using the transfer learning method are carried out in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and weapons. However, there are very few studies that use the fine-tuning method and compare transfer learning in terms of effectiveness. By paying attention to the balanced distribution of the data, approximately 100 images of each chess piece type were included in the analysis and a dataset of at least 1000 images was created. The without transfer learning fine-tune, fine-tuned transfer learning, transfer learning, fully supervised learning (FSL) and weakly supervised learning (WSL) applied models performances compared. Experimental results show that the fine-tuned transfer learning applied YOLO V4 model produces more accurate results than the other models in FSL and the transfer learning applied Faster R-CNN model produces more accurate results than the other models in WSL

Antioxidant potential and phenolic constituents of Salvia cedronella

The acetone extract of the aerial parts of the plant Salvia cedronella Boiss. was screened for its total phenolic content and flavonoid content. The antioxidant potential was evaluated, in vitro, by using three different assays; beta-carotene-linoleic acid test system for total antioxidant activity, DPPH for free radical scavenging activity, Fe2+-ferrozine test system for metal chelation. A high content of phenolics, potent radical scavenging ability and significant iron chelating effect were observed. However, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation was not significant in beta-carotene-linoleic acid test system. A phytochemical analysis yielded a new coumarin, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymethyl coumarin, together with p-hydroxyphenylethyl docosanoate, and two triterpenoids oleanolic acid and betulinic acid. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Antioxidant activity tests on novel triterpenoids from Salvia macrochlamys

The methanol extract of Salvia macrochlamys Boiss. and Kotschy was fractionated on a silica gel column to yield a group of terpenic compounds. After separation and cleaning, seven known and three new terpenoid compounds were isolated, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including intensive NMR and MS studies. The crude extract was tested in five different systems for antioxidant activity. The extract and monogynol A ( 1) and its three derivatives (2-4) were found to be highly active in a metal chelating test system on ferrous ions

Canonical correlation analysis for studying the relationship between the basic morphological and some soil chemical characteristics of Centaurea mucronifera DC. (Asteraceae)

YUCEL, Ersin/0000-0001-8274-7578WOS: 000259602300104This aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the basic morphological features and some soil chemical characteristics in order to enlighten the differentiation in the Centaurea mucronifera populations distributed at 16 different places under varying environmental conditions. For this purpose method of Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used. The results revealed that morphological features like length of terminal leaves (Y3), length of capitula (Y4), length of involucrum (Y5) and length of achen (Y6) are affected positively by N (X6) and Ca2+ (X7) in the soil but the length of plant (Y1), length of basal leaves (Y2) and length of pappus (Y7) are affected negatively.Anadolu University Scientific Research FundAnadolu University [011042]The authors are grateful to Anadolu University Scientific Research Fund for financial support (Project No: 011042)

The detailed assessment of left and right ventricular functions by tissue Doppler imaging in patients with familial Mediterranean fever

In the contrary to other rheumatologic disorders, there have been limited numbers of studies investigating the cardiac involvement in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), although the disease may carry a potential for cardiovascular disorders because of sustained inflammation during its course. In the present study, we used high usefulness tissue Doppler echocardiography for detailed analysis of cardiac changes in FMF patients. The study population included 30 patients with FMF (11 men, 19 women; mean age, 35 +/- 7 years, mean disease duration, 15.4 +/- 7.6 years) and 30 healthy subjects as controls (12 men, 18 women; mean age, 33 +/- 7 years). The diagnosis of FMF was established according to the Tell-Hashomer criteria. Left and right ventricular functions were measured using echocardiography comprising standard two-dimensional, M-mode, and conventional Doppler as well as tissue Doppler imaging. The conventional echocardiographic paratemeters were similar apart from left ventricular relaxation time was longer (107 +/- 25 vs 85 +/- 10 ms, p< 0.001, respectively) in patients with FMF. According to the tissue Doppler measurements, while systolic velocities of both ventricles were not different, diastolic filling velocities of left ventricle including E'(m) (12.6 +/- 3.4 vs 14.7 +/- 3.3 cm/s, p=0.04), A'(m) (10.1 +/- 2.6 vs 8.6 +/- 2.0 cm/s, p=0.015), and E'(m)/A'(m), (1.24 +/- 0.4 vs 1.71 +/- 0.5 cm/s, p=0.012) values were statistically different between the groups. Left ventricular myocardial performance indices and right ventricular diastolic functions were found similar between two groups. In addition, there were no significant correlations between the disease duration, clinical features, and echo cardiograph i c parameters. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that although systolic functions were comparable in the patients and controls, left ventricular diastolic function indices were impaired in FMF patients by using tissue Doppler analysis