Контуры интонации в стихийной речи русских немцев: экспериментальное исследование немецких островных диалектов

Today, there are a few German language islands still existing in the Kirov region. The dialects spoken in these linguistic communities represent unique varieties of the German language as they are functioning in the context of intralingual and interlingual interaction. The research on the German language islands of the Kirov region is not only focused on studying the segment structure of the dialects, but it also looks into the features on the suprasegmental level.This paper describes an experimental technique used to determine complete and incomplete intonation phrases, identify intonation patterns, and describe the nuclear contours. This new experimental technique is based on the analysis of non-intonation criteria, such as semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic factors. The findings of the research suggest that the intonation contours identified in speech of Russian Germans are characteristic of speakers of both High German and Low German dialects. The study has shown no distinctions in this parameter between the dia lects, which indicates the mixed nature of the dialects spoken in the region. We believe the suggested technique may become an effective tool in the study of the suprasegmental features of the German language islands. It may be of interest to researchers of suprasegmental properties of spontaneous speech.Hoy en día, todavía existen algunas islas de lengua alemana en la región de Kirov. Los dialectos que se hablan en estas comunidades lingüísticas representan variedades únicas del idioma alemán, ya que funcionan en el contexto de la interacción intralingual e interlingual. La investigación en las islas de lengua alemana de la región de Kirov no solo se centra en estudiar la estructura de segmentos de los dialectos, sino que también analiza las características en el nivel suprasegmental.Este artículo describe una técnica experimental utilizada para determinar frases de entonación completas e incompletas, identificar patrones de entonación y describir los contornos nucleares. Esta nueva técnica experimental se basa en el análisis de criterios de no entonación, como factores semánticos, sintácticos y pragmáticos. Los resultados de la investigación sugieren que los contornos de entonación identificados en el habla de los alemanes rusos son característicos de los hablantes de dialectos de alto alemán y bajo alemán. El estudio no ha mostrado distinciones en este parámetro entre los dialectos, lo que indica la naturaleza mixta de los dialectos que se hablan en la región.Creemos que la técnica sugerida puede convertirse en una herramienta eficaz en el estudio de las características suprasegmentales de las islas de lengua alemana. Puede ser de interés para los investigadores las propiedades suprasegmentales del habla espontánea.Как известно, до настоящего времени в Кировской области сохранились отдельные замкнутые языковые острова, в которых проживают носители различных немецких диалектов, представляющих собой уникальную форму языка, функционирующую в рамках внутриязыкового и межъязыкового взаимодействия. В сферу исследования немецких островных диалектов Кировской области вовлекается не только изучение сегментного состава, но и явлений супрасегментного уровня, так как без учета последних невозможно получить полную картину реального функционирования данных диалектов.В данной работе представлена методика определения завершенных и незавершенных интонационных фраз, выявления тонологической структуры интонационных контуров выбранных интонационных фраз и определение их ядерных контуров. Результаты исследования показывают, что интонационные контуры, представленные в речи российских немцев, характерны для говорящих как на верхненемецких, так и на нижненемецких диалектах. Исследование не показало существенных различий в этом параметре, что указывает на смешанный характер исследуемых немецких диалектов рассматриваемого региона. Мы полагаем, что представленная методика может стать эффективным инструментом в изучении супрасегментных особенностей немецких островных диалектов. Данная работа может представлять интерес для исследователей в области супрасегментной организации спонтанной речи

Means of Language Objectification of the German Knight Image in the Artistic Picture of World in Middle Ages

The analysis of historical, culturally motivated ideas about the German knight, which are objectified in the language not only in conventional, unified standards, but primarily in socio-ethnocultural assessments and stereotypes, is presented. The material of the study was German knightly novels: “Tristan” (“Tristan”) by Gottfried of Strasbourg, “Poor Heinrich” (“Der arme Heinrich”) by Hartmann von Aue, “Eneasroman” by Heinrich von Veldeke. Particular attention is paid to the study of indicators of the national specificity of the image of the German knight. It is proved in the work that the actualization of lexical units that serve to represent the image of a knight is largely specific and due to the genre specificity of Western European literature texts of the Middle Ages. It is stated that the knowledge of medieval German culture bearers about the surrounding reality, objectified by the semantics and pragmatics of linguistic and speech units, structures, compositions, united as a whole by the characteristics of the surrounding world are accumulated in the artistic picture of the world in the Middle Ages. It is concluded that the image of a knight embodies the complex of worldview coordinates and values of the knightly estate, which are recorded in a verbal (artistic) text in the form of a specially organized system of knowledge and ideas about the world

МУЗЕЙ ИГРОВЫХ ВИДОВ СПОРТА КАК СРЕДСТВО ПАТРИОТИЧЕСКОГО ВОСПИТАНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ

The article deals with the issues of patriotic education of students and the main directions in the education of patriotism among students. The concept of patriotism is considered as patriotic consciousness, patriotic activity, patriotic relations and patriotic organization. The museum has a huge potential in this activity, the role of which has grown significantly at the present stage.  The areas of museums work at the moment are so extensive that it allows them to be included in the educational process of forming the ideals of patriotism among modern students. A study is presented to determine the formation of a sense of patriotism among students of the Institute of Physical Culture, Sports and Youth Policy (IFCIMP) of the Ural Federal University, as well as the awareness of programs of patriotic education at the university and the development of game sports. An experimental study has shown that informing students about game sports promotes involvement in sports activities. The participation in training and competitive processes creates conditions for the formation of patriotism among students in game sports. The creation of a museum of game sports will be one of the innovative means of patriotism fostering.В статье рассматриваются вопросы патриотического воспитания студентов, основные направления в воспитании патриотизма у студентов. Понятие патриотизм рассматривается как патриотическое сознание, патриотическая деятельность, патриотические отношения и патриотическая организация. Огромным потенциалом в этой деятельности обладает музей, роль которого значительно выросла на современном этапе. Направления работы музеев в настоящий момент настолько обширны, что это позволяет включить их в воспитательный процесс по формированию идеалов патриотизма у современной студенческой молодежи. Представлено исследование определения сформированности чувства патриотизма у студентов Института физической культуры, спорта и молодёжной политики (ИФКСиМП) УрФУ, а также информированности о программах патриотического воспитания в вузе и развития игровых видов спорта. Экспериментальное исследование показало, что информирование студентов о игровых видах спорта способствует включенности в спортивную деятельность. Участие в тренировочном и соревновательных процессах создает условия для формирования патриотизма у студентов в игровых видах спорта. Создание музея игровых видов спорта будет одним из инновационных средств воспитания патриотизма

Interfering Influence of Native German Dialects on the Language of Non-native Dialect Environment: Russian Speech of the German Bilinguals

The problem of interference is one of the most complex issues related to language interaction, so it is especially important to investigate its workings on the example of the language of Russian Germans in the Kirov region. The article realises the historical and linguocultural approaches to the study of the interrelationship between folk-colloquial speech and the traditional culture of Russian Germans, residing on the territory of the Kirov region. The authors present the results of an in-depth analysis of interference features in the Russian speech of German bilinguals under the influence of the German language and its dialects, namely, the phonetic, lexical and grammatical features that occur under the influence of interference with the German language. The Russian speech of German bilinguals is heterogeneous and varies from "virtually without an accent" to "unnatural" for Russian monolingual hearing. The interaction of the Russian and German languages in the speech of German bilinguals resulted in the increased invasion of the norms of one language system into the framework of another language. This leads to the so-called levelling of the interacting languages. In other words, we see the emergence of a third–intermediate system that does not coincide either with the German or Russian languages and performs in the bilingual consciousness an adaptive function to the environment language. This study contributes to German dialectology, enriching both the theory and typology of island dialects, which retain archaic features and the theory and practice of scientifically grounded language policy and language preservation

General Expenses in the Provision of Public Health Services in Hospitals

Specific expenses for general business needs as a part of the basic standard cost rate for a public service in the healthcare sector reflect the costs for the infrastructure facility itself, including the area of subdivisions of medical organizations in which a public service is provided, the conditions for providing medical care, and the capacity of the medical organization. Calculation of costs for this part of the basic rate is usually carried out by the method of the most effective institution or by the median method. This leads to high differentiation of the value of the basic standard cost for the corresponding public service, and to artificial and unreasonable use of correction coefficients individualizing the costs of medical organizations, which contradicts to the state policy on control of efficiency of the use of budgetary funds. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for changing the methodology for accounting general expenses in the structure of the standard of financial costs for public health services on the example of the state service “Specialized medical care (except for high-tech medical care), not included in the basic program of compulsory medical insurance, according to the profile Phthisiology”, provided in hospital conditions

Language as a consolidating factor of ethnic identity of the russian germans

The article aims at identifying the attributes of ethnic identity and ethnic concepts of minority groups living in the territory of the Russian Federation, in particular, the Russian Germans living in the city of Glazov and the Vyatka-Kama region. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to understand and to study the shared characteristics of the ethnic identity of the German ethnic group: national self-awareness, preservation and revival of the ethnic culture and traditions, language preservation. The materials of the research are the tape recordings of unprepared German and Russian speech which were made during dialectological and ethnographic expeditions to Glazov. The speech of three informants is analyzed in the study. Nine main parameters of the ethnic identity are examined in relation to the Russian Germans of Glazov: common history, common territory, religion, living environment, family background, folklore, behavior standards, mentality of the ethnic group, and the common language. The language is described in more detail in the study. The results of the study suggest that the ethnic identity of the Russian Germans in question is a changing dynamic category. In our opinion, the language is the most important consolidating factor of the cultural integrity of an ethnic group, an instrument for sharing culturally important information and experience; so it is one of the core parameters of ethnic identity of the Russian Germans living in Glazov. This article will be of interest to researchers in the field of German dialectology and German speech islands.O artigo tem como objetivo identificar os atributos de identidade étnica e conceitos étnicos de grupos minoritários residentes no território da Federação Russa, em particular, os russos alemães residentes na cidade de Glazov e na região de Vyatka-Kama. A relevância do estudo é determinada pela necessidade de compreender e estudar as características comuns da identidade étnica do grupo étnico alemão: autoconsciência nacional, preservação e revivificação da cultura e tradições étnicas, preservação da língua. Os materiais da pesquisa são as gravações em fita do discurso alemão e russo despreparado, feitas durante expedições dialetológicas e etnográficas a Glazov. A fala de três informantes é analisada no estudo. Nove parâmetros principais da identidade étnica são examinados em relação aos russos-alemães de Glazov: história comum, território comum, religião, ambiente de vida, antecedentes familiares, folclore, padrões de comportamento, mentalidade do grupo étnico e a língua comum. A linguagem é descrita com mais detalhes no estudo. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que a identidade étnica dos russos-alemães em questão é uma categoria dinâmica em mudança. Em nossa opinião, a língua é o mais importante fator de consolidação da integridade cultural de uma etnia, um instrumento de compartilhamento de informações e experiências culturalmente importantes; portanto, é um dos parâmetros centrais da identidade étnica dos russos-alemães que vivem em Glazov. Este artigo será de interesse para pesquisadores no campo da dialetologia alemã e das ilhas de fala alemãs.El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los atributos de la identidad étnica y los conceptos étnicos de los grupos minoritarios que viven en el territorio de la Federación de Rusia, en particular, los alemanes rusos que viven en la ciudad de Glazov y la región de Vyatka-Kama. La relevancia del estudio está determinada por la necesidad de comprender y estudiar las características compartidas de la identidad étnica del grupo étnico alemán: autoconciencia nacional, preservación y renacimiento de la cultura y tradiciones étnicas, preservación del idioma. Los materiales de la investigación son las grabaciones en cinta de habla alemana y rusa sin preparación que se hicieron durante las expediciones dialectológicas y etnográficas a Glazov. En el estudio se analiza el discurso de tres informantes. Se examinan nueve parámetros principales de la identidad étnica en relación con los alemanes rusos de Glazov: historia común, territorio común, religión, entorno de vida, antecedentes familiares, folclore, normas de comportamiento, mentalidad del grupo étnico y el idioma común. El idioma se describe con más detalle en el estudio. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que la identidad étnica de los alemanes rusos en cuestión es una categoría dinámica cambiante. En nuestra opinión, el idioma es el factor de consolidación más importante de la integridad cultural de un grupo étnico, un instrumento para compartir información y experiencias de importancia cultural; por lo que es uno de los parámetros centrales de la identidad étnica de los alemanes rusos que viven en Glazov. Este artículo será de interés para los investigadores en el campo de la dialectología alemana y las islas de habla alemana

Management of the Innovative Digital Technology Implementation in the Regions

The article defines the goals of digital transformation of companies, highlights the main distinctive elements of digitalization of enterprises, and classifies the factors that affect the speed of digital transformation. The authors assessed the level of digital economy development in Russia, Ukraine and developed countries over the period of 2007-2020 according to the International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI) as well as the Global Innovation Index (GII). The change in the ranking of individual countries according to the GII is presented, top ten leading countries in each group are identified. The authors compare the most popular innovative technological trends, present the expected payback periods for investments in digital solutions in Russia and the world, determine the barriers that hinder the development of digitalization in companies. The analysis carried out shows that against the background of a significant slowdown in the global economic growth, there are concerns about a reduction in R&D, venture capital and intellectual property

Ethnic Identity and Language Variations of the Russian Germans in the Kirov Region

Currently, the process of globalization, intense intercultural contacts, changes in social structure, and internationalization of higher education influence inter-ethnic relations, ethnic identity, as well as language changes. These processes can be observed among the Russian-Germans living in the territory of the Kirov region. Their investigation started in 1999 and is currently going on. The relevance of the study is due to the significance of the linguistic interaction at the present stage of the German language development in Russia, where for decades the German language has been developing and changing in linguistic enclaves environment. In this regard, this paper aims to explore ethnic and linguistic identity of German bilinguals living in the environment of a foreign language, different dialect, or different confession in isolation from the main ethnic array. The leading methods in the study were socio-differentiated analysis, as well as comparative and statistical methods used while correlating the dialect systems under review to other German dialectal systems, literary German language, as well as with the Russian language. In the study, we came to the conclusion that the priority layer in the structure of the ethnic identity of Russian Germans in the Kirov region includes the following distinctive features: common territory, language, religion, family life, folklore, crafts, norms of behavior, common historical destiny and common psychological makeup. The language of the German ethnic minority, who live in the territory of the Kirov region, is unique and peculiar. It is characterized, above all, by mixed dialects in a foreign language environment and by a variety of their existing forms of. The paper is of practical value to scholars dealing with the German island dialects.

Digitalization of The Transport Industry in The Context of Globalization of The World Economy

Research background: The article reveals the nature and mechanisms of the influence of the digital economy on the development of the transport industry in the world. The prerequisites for researching the problems of digitalization in the transport sector are determined by several factors. Firstly, the use of digital technologies is especially evident in the transport sector. Secondly, it is the efficiency of using the latest technological achievements that determines the competitiveness of transport companies. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study of this topic is to identify the most significant manifestations of the impact of digitalization on the transport sector, trends and the nature of this impact. Methods: The methodology of the work is to use the method of scientific abstraction, analysis of facts and observation of the real existing picture, as well as induction and deduction to determine the relationship of concepts in general to individual cases. The authors of the study identified the key components of the digitalization process of the economy, and identified those that have the greatest impact on the transport sector. The article contains an analysis of the existing experience of transport digitalization, the consequences of this process. Also in this article, the authors made their forecast for the further development of transport digitalization processes. Findings & Value added: The main result of the study was the conclusion that the objective need of the transport industry for new innovative developments is very high. The economic effect, that the introduction of transport sector digital technologies, brings, is obvious and tangible

Carbohydrate Metabolism Parameters of Adult Glial Neoplasms According to Immunohistochemical Profile

This research aimed to investigate the interrelationship of carbohydrate metabolism parameters and immunohistochemical characteristics of glial tumors. Tumor tissue, peritumoral area, and adjacent noncancerous tissue fragments of 20 patients with gliomas of varying degrees of anaplasia were analyzed. The greatest differences in the carbohydrate metabolism compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues were identified in the tumor tissue: reduction in the levels of lactate and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Significant differences with adjacent noncancerous tissues for the peritumoral zone were not found. The activity of the carbohydrate metabolism enzymes was different depending on the immunohistochemical glioma profile, especially from Ki 67 level. Bioinformatic analysis of the interactions of immunohistochemical markers of gliomas and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes using the databases of STRING, BioGrid, and Signor revealed the presence of biologically significant interactions with glycogen synthase kinase 3β, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. The established interconnection of glycolysis with methylation of the promoter of O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) of gliomas can be used to increase chemotherapy efficiency