Profitability of value addition to cashew farming households in Nigeria

The cashew tree ( Anacardium occidentale L.) is an economic crop in Nigeria grown in small plantations in almost every State because of the ease of cultivation and need for minimum attention. Cashew apple wastes on plantations and this reduces cashew farming household incomes. This study examined value addition to cashew as a way of preventing farm losses due to wastage and lack of proper storage of the cashew apple Nigeria. The process of value addition involved the kernels being graded, heat treated, shelled roasted and packaged. The apples were crushed, processed to juice and bottled for sale. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between net income per farmer adding value (US$487.26) and not adding value (US$306.29). Also, the benefit-cost ratio of adding value was 1:2.30.Le noix de cajou ( Anacardium occidentale L.) est une culture \ue9conomique au Nigeria. Elle est cultiv\ue9e dans de petites plantations dans presque chaque Etat par ce qu'elle est facile \ue0 cultiver et requiert une attention minimale. Les pommes de cajou sont souvent abandon\ue9es dans des plantations, ce qui r\ue9duit son revenu au niveau des m\ue9nages. Cette \ue9tude examine la valeur ajout\ue9e du cajou comme un moyen de pr\ue9vention des pertes dans les fermes dues au gaspillage et au manque de moyen appropri\ue9 de stockage des pommes de cajou au Nigeria. Le processus de l'addition de la valeur concernait le gradage, traitement \ue0 chaud, d\ue9coqillage, grillage et emballage des grains de cajou. Les pommes \ue9taient presses, transform\ue9es en jus embouteill\ue9 pour vente. Il \ue9tait observ\ue9 une diff\ue9rence significative (P<0.05) entre le revenue net sur la valeur ajout\ue9e par fermier (US487.26) et celui des produits non transform\ue9s (US306.29). Aussi, le rapport b\ue9n\ue9fice-co\ufbt de l'ajout de la valeur au produit \ue9tait de 1;2.3

Economic evaluation of a locally fabricated extraction machine for a cottage cashew juice factory

The need for local utilisation of agricultural procedure cannot be over-emphasised. Agricultural commodities are shifting from exploitation in their primary to processed forms. Cashew apple, a product of the fruit of cashew tree and a by-product of cashew nut harvest, is presently under-utilised in Nigeria. There is so much wastage of this fresh apple on farms since a negligible portion is consumed by the harvesters. Work has been on for some time now at CRIN to harness this wastage into commercially viable human foods or food ingredients. Much progress has been made to-date on the production of juice from the apple. This study assesses the cottage utilisation of the apple using a locally fabricated extraction machine. The economic analysis of the investment indicated that it is highly profitable with a profitability of 66.19% and a net present value of N453, 283.21(US$4533) over three years, even under a short cashew harvesting period of three months. From these results, it was recommended that cashew farmer groups and co-operatives should be supported through credit facilities under the small-scale enterprise scheme to adopt this technology

Profitability of value addition to cashew farming households in Nigeria

The cashew tree ( Anacardium occidentale L.) is an economic crop in Nigeria grown in small plantations in almost every State because of the ease of cultivation and need for minimum attention. Cashew apple wastes on plantations and this reduces cashew farming household incomes. This study examined value addition to cashew as a way of preventing farm losses due to wastage and lack of proper storage of the cashew apple Nigeria. The process of value addition involved the kernels being graded, heat treated, shelled roasted and packaged. The apples were crushed, processed to juice and bottled for sale. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between net income per farmer adding value (US$487.26) and not adding value (US$306.29). Also, the benefit-cost ratio of adding value was 1:2.30.Le noix de cajou ( Anacardium occidentale L.) est une culture économique au Nigeria. Elle est cultivée dans de petites plantations dans presque chaque Etat par ce qu&apos;elle est facile à cultiver et requiert une attention minimale. Les pommes de cajou sont souvent abandonées dans des plantations, ce qui réduit son revenu au niveau des ménages. Cette étude examine la valeur ajoutée du cajou comme un moyen de prévention des pertes dans les fermes dues au gaspillage et au manque de moyen approprié de stockage des pommes de cajou au Nigeria. Le processus de l&apos;addition de la valeur concernait le gradage, traitement à chaud, décoqillage, grillage et emballage des grains de cajou. Les pommes étaient presses, transformées en jus embouteillé pour vente. Il était observé une différence significative (P<0.05) entre le revenue net sur la valeur ajoutée par fermier (US$487.26) et celui des produits non transformés (US$306.29). Aussi, le rapport bénéfice-coût de l&apos;ajout de la valeur au produit était de 1;2.3

Dexamethasone suppression tests in liver cirrhosis - abnormalities in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Extract] Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many African and Asian countries [1-4], has protean manifestations. Aside from its classical clinical and biochemical presentation, PHC is associated with a variety of paraneoplastic phenomena, including increased erythropoietin production, hypoglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and hypercalcaemia [5,6]. The terminal patient with PHC in Nigeria may have a variety of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, particularly resistant ascites and hypokalaemia