Numerical Simulation of Temperature Distribution in A Tri-Cycle Engine Piston

This present study will focus on temperature distribution and heat transfer rate which are of much importance especially in spark ignition (SI) engines. This was achieved by formulating a model for analyzing the temperature distribution in an internal combustion engines piston as well as simulates the obtained results using COMSOL- Multiphysics.Pistons as one of the most complex components among all automotives and other industry field components are designed to withstand damage caused due to extreme heat and pressure of combustion process. Many of experimental studies regarding the internal combustion engines process have been carried out, but few had only focused on the numerical studies like stress distribution, thermal and heat transfer analysis. This present study focuses on a 3-D transient state temperature distribution analysis on a gasoline piston model of a tri-cycle. Mathematical model was formulated, solved and simulated using a Finite Element Method (FEM) in-built in the COMSOL Multiphysics software 4.3a to determine the temperature distribution and gradient of the piston model ranging from 523K – 673K. The parameters used for the simulation were liquid (Gasoline), Gases (Air) and Aluminium alloy UNSA96061 (Piston). The Completed mesh tetrahedral consists of 86225 elements and the number of degrees of freedom solved for were 18553 in 367 s (6 minutes, 7 seconds) in the mesh optimization. It was discovered from the results obtained that the temperature in the combustion chamber of the tricycle engine varies with respect to time, along the piston.The transient analysis from the time dependent solver revealed that the temperature of the piston at the TDC (Top Dead Centre) in the first power stroke is higher compared to the subsequent power strokes, which is an indication that more heat was transfer at subsequent power strokes. Probable recommendations were later made.Self-sponsore

Heat Transfer Analysis in Internal Combustion Engine Piston Using Comsol Multiphysics: A Case Study of Tri-Cycle

This present study is aimed at analyzing the heat transfer rate of an internal combustion engines piston using finite element methods (FEM).The transient nature of heat flowing involving more than single variable, complicated method of measuring temperature across the length of the liner and ambiguous boundary conditions pose serious problems for the analysis of heat transfer rate on the piston of an internal combustion engine using FEM (Finite Element Method). This present study analyzed the heat transfer rate on the piston of a Tri-cycle engine. The studied piston was selected based on its applications in automobile and other engineering applications. The analysis was basically on the transient state forced-convection and conduction heat transfer. As initial condition, the temperature distributions were considered along the piston at a range of 523K – 673K. The parameter used for the simulation were liquid (Gasoline), Gases (Air) and Aluminium silicon UNSA96061 (Piston). The modeling and simulation were performed by using COMSOL-Multiphysics 4.3a software. The mesh optimization was undertaken by using FEM techniques to predict the maximum and mimimum temperature on the piston at every stages of simulation with time dependent. It was discovered that the temperature along the piston of the try-cycle varies with respect to time. The transient analysis revealed that the temperature of the piston at the TDC (Top Dead Center) in the first power stroke is higher compare to the subsequent power strokes, which is an indication that more heat is transfer at subsequent power strokes. Probable recommendations were later made.Self-sponsore

Parametric Studies on a Mitchell-Ossberger Turbine (Numerical Approach)

This present study focuses on some selected parameter towards designing an efficient MOT hydro turbine via MOT-model formulation, parametric analysis for optimal performance, as well as development of computational interface with Visual Basic 10 programming software.The parametric studies play important role when it comes to performance optimization of the locally manufactured Mitchell-Ossberger Turbine (MOT). Several literatures on hydro-turbine had discussed extensively on the design of MOTs as well as their advantages over the other types of hydro-turbines. But none had ever discussed extensively, the parametric studies involved in optimizing an efficient MOT. This present study focused on some selected parameter towards designing an efficient and optimal MOT. This was achieved via formulation of a turbine parametric model, development of turbine computational interface (module) and decoding of the obtained data with Visual Basic (VB) 10. The algorithm, which contains step by step solution to the problem, was developed for the program. The flow formed was designed to have a data grid view which displays data loaded into the application. The flow interface had eight buttons based on certain parametric entries. The strength of this interface lied in its codes and after data which were sorted on descending order has been loaded to the memory via Visual Basic programming software. It was discovered from the obtained results that as the angle of attack increases, the turbine power developed and the efficiency decreases marginally. The effect of the flow rate was that, it increases as other parameter increases. Then, all necessary recommendations were made.Self-sponsore

Numerical Simulation and Modeling of UNSA91060 for Heat Transfer in Four-Stroke ICE Cylinder Head

This work concerns heat transfer principles in four strokes ICE from modeling and simulation standpoint.Heat transfer is one of a number of indispensable tools in studying of ICEs, due to its influence on decisive parameters of operation like temperature and pressure inside the cylinder. It is safe to say that modeling of the engine heat transfer is among the most complex problems for engineers. Application of numerical methods to predict the heat transfer in a cylinder of reciprocating ICEs is a process of high importance, which was recognized from the earliest stages of their development. This is done to examine performance optimization and design improvement in order to meet nowadays demands exhibited on the engines. This present study focuses on a 3-D transient state temperature distribution analysis on a gasoline engine model via formulated of models, simulating using FEM in-built in the COMSOL Multiphysics software 4.3a to determine the temperature distribution and gradient of the engine cylinder head model. The number of degrees of freedom solved for were 32685 in 383 s (12 minutes, 20 seconds) in the mesh optimization. From the result obtained it was discovered that the heat transfer in the combustion chamber of the ICE varies with time. Thus, it took the engine 10 minutes to complete a cycle vis-a-vis transfer of heat after combustion and that the heat transfer starts after 30 seconds of combustion. In addition, the temperature of the cylinder dropped from 1273.2 K to 301 K over a period of 10 minute.Self-sponsore

Effects of Precipitation Hardening on Mechanical Properties of Multistage Stirred Cast AA6063 Composites

This research work is to study the effects of precipitation hardening on multistage stirred cast alumina reinforced AA6063 composites which were achieved through production of alumina (Al2O3) reinforced AA6063 alloy, using four stage stir casting method; determination of the effect of precipitation hardening heat treatment on the samples produced; and characterization of the microstructures and some mechanical properties of the cast and precipitation hardened aluminium matrix composite.This work studied the effects of precipitation hardening on multistage stirred cast alumina reinforced AA 6063 composite through production of alumina reinforced AA6063 alloy by four stage stir casting method, determination of effect of precipitation hardening heat treatment and characterization of microstructures and some mechanical properties of as-cast and heat treated samples of aluminium matrix composites. The amounts of AA 6063 and alumina particles required for the production of aluminium composites with 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 volume percent of alumina were determined by charge calculations. The particles of alumina were initially pre- heated at 300 oC to enhance wetability with aluminium alloy. The AA 6063 alloy was charged into a gas fired crucible furnace and the liquid was allowed to cool to a viscous mass at temperature of about 600 oC so as to introduce alumina particles. Stirring operations were performed manually and mechanically at 750 oC and 300 rpm, to ensure uniform distribution of reinforcement within the matrix, before pouring into permanent metal mould. The samples produced were solutionized at 550 oC for one hour, quenched in water and later aged at 180 oC for 2, 3 and 4 hours. Some samples were reserved for control experimentation. Mechanical responses of the composite were investigated by tensile, hardness and impact test carried out on the samples. The structures of the samples were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopes. The results trend showed that as the volume fraction of alumina and aging time increase, the strength and hardness values also increase with corresponding decrease in impact value. Composite with 15% alumina aged at 4 hours showed highest strength and hardness values of 262.77 MPa and 64.12 BHN, respectively with impact value of 9.86 J. The study showed that multistage stir casting method and precipitation hardening heat treatment are capable of improving the mechanical properties of AA 6063-Al2O3 composites.Self-sponsore

Experimental Investigation of Lard and Tallow Oils Suitability in Turning Operation of Hypo-Eutectoid Steels

This research is aimed at evaluating the performance suitability of lard and tallow based cutting fluids as potential cutting fluids in turning of hypo-eutectoid steels using carbide cutting tool steels. This was achieved via investigation of the effect of those selected fluids on certain parameters like tool temperature, tool life, spindle power consumption, Work-piece under roughness and chip formations etc., as compared to the conventional mineral oil-based MCFs.Cooling and lubrication in machining are important in reducing the severity of the contact processes at the cutting tool-workpiece interface. Currently, there are wide scale evaluations of the use of metal working fluids (MWFs) in machining, so as to reduce the amount of lubricants in metal removing operations. The increasing awareness of the general public on the environment and health impact of mineral oil-based metal cutting fluids (MCFs) is forcing machine workshop operators to reduce their use as cutting fluids and in search for more environmental friendly animal oil-based cutting fluids. Based on this, commercially available animal oils are currently been exploited as potential oils for formulation of animal oil-based cutting fluids. It is therefore necessary to conduct machining trials to determine the suitability of these oils in metal cutting operations such as turning, drilling and milling etc. This study investigates the effect of the selected cutting fluids on certain machining parameters in turning operations of hypo-eutectoid steels using carbide cutting tool. The selected oils purchased from a local market in Ibadan, Nigeria were sieved to remove any foreign particles or dirt. The solution (water, additives, and base-oil) were mixed at an elevated temperature of 55oC in a proportion 5:1:2.The essence of the emulsifier (additive) was to prevent separation of water from oil. The steel samples obtained from a steel company in Nigeria after spectrochemical analysis, were machined on a variable speed center lathe under different machining parameters. Experimental results clearly showed that Conventional cutting fluid might be replaced with Non-conventional one like LOCFs and TOCFs as they give better performances. With slight modifications and deliberate but careful alterations in some of the components of such oils, better performing cutting fluids could be obtainedSelf-Sponsore

Comparative analysis of exhaust gases obtained in S.I and C.I of an internal combustion engine

This paper is aimed at analyzing, determining and comparing the composition of exhaust gases of automobile ICE through experimental determination of the exhaust gas values at different loads and speeds of both engines; and determination of the effect of engine speeds and loads on exhaust emissions of both engines.ICE which could be spark ignition (S.I) or compression ignition (C.I) engine is one of the building blocks of modern civilization. In light of this, an effective engine should be able to contribute immensely to a safe environment. Numerous factors like fuel economy, power and torque, reliability, pollution, safety and cost are necessary in determining and comparing the effectiveness of the engines. This paper identifies, examines and compares the rate of incombustible particles present in the engines (S.I and C.I) at varying loading and speed conditions via exhaust gas detector. Post-hoc analysis was carried out using SPSS. It was discovered that CO and HC are the most dangerous incombustible particles present in engines and also the incombustible rate is more pronounced in C.I than S.I engine, which confirmed that S.I. engine is far better in terms of pollution reduction. Probable recommendations were later made.Self-sponsore

Development of an Indigenously Made Diesel Fired Crucible Furnace

Most castings in Nigeria are imported, the poor performance of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria is indicative of the low state of the foundry industry of which majority are small–medium scale enterprises with an unsubstantial total productive cost and input to the upper limit of only between 5-20 million naira. This is quite very low compared to that in the US; put the market value of the annual casting shipments at 28-30 billion US dollars produced by approximately 3,200 foundries has been reported. These myriad of problems therefore, necessitated this research workThe technological advancement of any nation have been influenced and uplifted by the extent to which it can usefully harness and convert its mineral resources. The productions of metal in foundries and in all human lives have become a general practice. This work deals with the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of a diesel-fired crucible furnace suitable for use both in the rural and urban areas for casting of different types of metals using indigenously sourced materials and technology. The components of furnace were furnace casing, crucible, furnace cover, burner housing, furnace cover stand, base stand and burner. Mild steel sheet was used for the fabrication of the furnace, while the other components needed for the design were selected based on functionality, durability, cost and local availability. Experimental tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the furnace. The average heating rate of 19.54°C/min was recorded by the furnace and attained a temperature as high as 1420 °C. The furnace also had a melting rate of 454.55g/min for Aluminium. The thermal efficiency of the furnace was determined to be 10.80%. The low value was as result of the large energy wastage due to the type of insulator used in making the furnace wall. The furnace is environmental friendly without health hazards to the workers and can be moved from one place to another unlike the local one.Self-sponsore

Development of an Ambient Control Method for Tomatoes Preservation

Thus, this work is aim at developing an ambient control method for tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) preservationThe quality of tomatoes depends on post harvest handling, transportation and storage techniques. Tomatoes cannot be kept for a long period of time due to their perishable and seasonal nature, it is therefore necessary to preserve it in seasons when available in other to ensure constant supply throughout the year with their nutritional value still retained. However, a 0.22 cubic metre capacity storage facility that operates on the principle of evaporative cooling, which is to increase the shelf life of stored tomatoes was designed, fabricated and tested. Data were observed twice daily and Results of the transient performance tests revealed that 117W is the cooling capacity of the produce (tomatoes) at 29.50C. Also, it was observed that the dry bulb (21-300C) and wet bulb (14.5-240C) temperatures are inversely proportional to the relative humidity (39-56%) of the cooler, which in turn show inverse relationship between the saturation efficiency (0-74.42%) and by-pass factor (0.26-1.00). An evaporative cooling system should be utilized to preserve tomatoes and other forms of vegetables at their minimal storage temperature in fourteen days relative to ambient storage. Thus, it has the prospect of being used for short term preservation of tomatoes soon after harvest and it will be very useful in helping the farmers most especially in a developing economy like Nigeria.Self-sponsore

Parametric and Quantitative Analysis on the Development of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

This work is aimed at developing a prototype shell and tube heat exchanger using locally available technology and materials via design based on optimal combination of parameters using LMTD technique, fabrication, as well as, performance evaluation of the facility.The importance of mini shell and tube heat exchangers (STHEs) in industrial and other engineering applications cannot be underestimated. Hence, based on the problems associated with the design of STHEs, a mini STHE was developed for transfer of heat between two fluids without mixing on the laboratory scale using locally available materials and technology based on an optimized LMTD technique. The performance of the heat exchanger was assessed and evaluated to determine the optimum combination of design parameters. Copper was utilized for the tube side fluid due to its higher thermal conductivity and anti-microbial property, while galvanized steel was used for the shell side fluid due to its cost and corrosion resistance. Parametric studies were carried out on STHE design parameters to obtain an optimal design for efficiency and effectiveness after relevant design considerations. Experimental results were validated with quantitative models, and it was discovered that both Dell-Belaware and Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU) approaches produced the optimal results required for the selection of shell side and tube fluid film coefficients, respectively over other correlations. In conclusion, the values of parameters of interest were also presented after rigorous mathematical calculations at optimal level and probable recommendations were later made.Self-sponsore