Apofizealne avulzijske ozljede prednje donje šiljaste izbočine: rehabilitacija sine qua non – prikaz slučaja

Apophyseal injuries of the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic bone are common, whereas injuries to the anterior inferior iliac spine are only rarely encountered. When it occurs in children, it may be difficult to diagnose and is easily mistaken for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. To make timely and correct diagnosis, the physician must have thorough understanding of the basic anatomical relationships and awareness of the existence of this injury. In this case report treatment and follow-up period in a 12-year-old patient with apophyseal avulsion of anterior inferior iliac spine is described and the differential diagnosis is discussed.Apofizealne ozljede prednje gornje šiljaste izbočine bočne kosti i stidne kosti su česte, dok su ozljede prednje donje šiljaste izbočine bočne kosti rijetke. Kada se dogodi u djece ponekad je teško postaviti dijagnozu i lako se zamijeni s poskliznućem epifize glave femura. Da bi se postavila točna i pravovremena dijagnoza liječnik mora temeljito razumijeti osnovne anatomske odnose i biti svjestan mogućnosti pojave ove ozljede. U ovom prikazu slučaja iznosi se liječenje i praćenje tijekom dvije godine 12-godišnjeg bolesnika s apofizealnom avulzijom prednje donje šiljaste izbočine bočne kosti, a raspravljeno je o diferencijalnoj dijagnozi

Design, Performance, and Calibration of the CMS Hadron-Outer Calorimeter

The CMS hadron calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter with brass absorber and plastic scintillator tiles with wavelength shifting fibres for carrying the light to the readout device. The barrel hadron calorimeter is complemented with an outer calorimeter to ensure high energy shower containment in the calorimeter. Fabrication, testing and calibration of the outer hadron calorimeter are carried out keeping in mind its importance in the energy measurement of jets in view of linearity and resolution. It will provide a net improvement in missing \et measurements at LHC energies. The outer hadron calorimeter will also be used for the muon trigger in coincidence with other muon chambers in CMS

Rehabilitacijski protokol kod stres frakture talusa niskog stupnja

Bone stress injuries are common overuse injuries seen in active people. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and usually involves repetitive submaximal stresses. No comprehensive studies describing rehabilitation protocol of low grade bone stress injury of the talus have been published. The aim of this case series was to describe a conservative treatment protocol for low grade bone stress injury of the talus.The rehabilitation and pain features in 15 patients with low grade bone stress injury of the talus, as confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were reviewed retrospectively. Of 15 patients (8 female and 7 male; age range 16-50 years; median age 29.1 years; mean duration of symptoms 2.5 (range, 1 to 12) weeks, MRI studies showed low grade bone marrow edema of the talus in six cases, whereas in other nine cases (5/15 calcaneus, 3/15 navicular and 1/15 cuboideum) adjacent osseous structures were affected as well. In four cases, the entire talus was involved and in eleven cases, only a portion of the bone was affected. The mean visual analogue scale for pain before treatment was 53.5 mm. The median duration of walking boot usage was 16.2 (7 to 70) days. Patients became symptom free in a mean of 23.2 (12-40) days. Ten patients returned to daily life and sportive activities without difficulty. Early diagnosis and appropriate conservative treatment of low grade bone stress injury of the talus allow favorable outcome in most cases.Stres ozljede kosti su uobičajene ozljede prenaprezanja u aktivnih osoba. Njihova patogeneza je multifaktorijalna i obično uključuju ponavljajući submaksimalni stres. Do sada nisu objavljene sveobuhvatne studije koje bi opisale rehabilitacijski protokol stres ozljeda talusa niskog stupnja. Cilj ove serije slučajeva je bio opisati konzervativni terapijski protokol za stres ozljede talusa niskog stupnja. Osobine rehabilitacije i boli u 15 pacijenata sa stres ozljedom talusa niskog stupnja, potvrđeno magnetskom rezonancijom (MR), su retrospektivno pregledani. Od 15 pacijenata (8 žena i 7 muškaraca; raspon dobi 16-50 godina; medijan dobi 29,1 godina; srednje trajanje simptoma 2,5 tjedana (raspon 1 do 12 tjedana), MR je pokazala edem koštane srži niskog stupnja talusa u šest slučajeva, dok je u preostalih devet slučajeva (5 petnih kostiju, 3 navikularne kosti I 1 kuboidne kosti) obližnje koštane strukture su bile također zahvaćene. U četiri slučaja bio je zahvaćen cijeli talus a u jedanaest slučajeva samo dio kosti. Srednja vrijednost jačine boli na vizualnoj analognoj ljestvici (VAS) je prije liječenja bila 53,5 mm. Srednje trajanje primjene imobilizacije (čizma) je bilo 16,2 dana (raspon 7 do 70). Pacijenti su postali bez simptoma za prosječno 23,2 dana (raspon 12-40). Deset pacijenata se vratilo aktivnostima svakodnevnog života i sportskim aktivnostima bez da imaju bilo kakve poteškoće. Rana dijagnoza i odgovarajuće konzervativno liječenje stres ozljede talusa niskog stupnja omogućuje povoljan ishod u većini slučajeva

Apofizealne avulzijske ozljede prednje donje šiljaste izbočine: rehabilitacija sine qua non – prikaz slučaja

Apophyseal injuries of the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic bone are common, whereas injuries to the anterior inferior iliac spine are only rarely encountered. When it occurs in children, it may be difficult to diagnose and is easily mistaken for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. To make timely and correct diagnosis, the physician must have thorough understanding of the basic anatomical relationships and awareness of the existence of this injury. In this case report treatment and follow-up period in a 12-year-old patient with apophyseal avulsion of anterior inferior iliac spine is described and the differential diagnosis is discussed.Apofizealne ozljede prednje gornje šiljaste izbočine bočne kosti i stidne kosti su česte, dok su ozljede prednje donje šiljaste izbočine bočne kosti rijetke. Kada se dogodi u djece ponekad je teško postaviti dijagnozu i lako se zamijeni s poskliznućem epifize glave femura. Da bi se postavila točna i pravovremena dijagnoza liječnik mora temeljito razumijeti osnovne anatomske odnose i biti svjestan mogućnosti pojave ove ozljede. U ovom prikazu slučaja iznosi se liječenje i praćenje tijekom dvije godine 12-godišnjeg bolesnika s apofizealnom avulzijom prednje donje šiljaste izbočine bočne kosti, a raspravljeno je o diferencijalnoj dijagnozi

The CMS Barrel Calorimeter Response to Particle Beams from 2 to 350 GeV/c

The response of the CMS barrel calorimeter (electromagnetic plus hadronic) to hadrons, electrons and muons over a wide momentum range from 2 to 350 GeV/c has been measured. To our knowledge, this is the widest range of momenta in which any calorimeter system has been studied. These tests, carried out at the H2 beam-line at CERN, provide a wealth of information, especially at low energies. The analysis of the differences in calorimeter response to charged pions, kaons, protons and antiprotons and a detailed discussion of the underlying phenomena are presented. We also show techniques that apply corrections to the signals from the considerably different electromagnetic (EB) and hadronic (HB) barrel calorimeters in reconstructing the energies of hadrons. Above 5 GeV/c, these corrections improve the energy resolution of the combined system where the stochastic term equals 84.7$\pm$1.6$\%$ and the constant term is 7.4$\pm$0.8$\%$. The corrected mean response remains constant within 1.3$\%$ rms

Transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at (s)\sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV

Measurements of inclusive charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions are presented for proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the LHC commissioning in December 2009. For non-single-diffractive interactions, the average charged-hadron transverse momentum is measured to be 0.46 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 0.9 TeV and 0.50 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 2.36 TeV, for pseudorapidities between -2.4 and +2.4. At these energies, the measured pseudorapidity densities in the central region, dN(charged)/d(eta) for |eta| < 0.5, are 3.48 +/- 0.02 (stat.) +/- 0.13 (syst.) and 4.47 +/- 0.04 (stat.) +/- 0.16 (syst.), respectively. The results at 0.9 TeV are in agreement with previous measurements and confirm the expectation of near equal hadron production in p-pbar and pp collisions. The results at 2.36 TeV represent the highest-energy measurements at a particle collider to date

Measurement of the charge ratio of atmospheric muons with the CMS detector

We present a measurement of the ratio of positive to negative muon fluxes from cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, using data collected by the CMS detector both at ground level and in the underground experimental cavern at the CERN LHC. Muons were detected in the momentum range from 5 GeV/ c to 1 TeV/ c . The surface flux ratio is measured to be 1.2766±0.0032(stat.)±0.0032(syst.) , independent of the muon momentum, below 100 GeV/ c . This is the most precise measurement to date. At higher momenta the data are consistent with an increase of the charge ratio, in agreement with cosmic ray shower models and compatible with previous measurements by deep-underground experiments.We present a measurement of the ratio of positive to negative muon fluxes from cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, using data collected by the CMS detector both at ground level and in the underground experimental cavern at the CERN LHC. Muons were detected in the momentum range from 5 GeV/c to 1 TeV/c. The surface flux ratio is measured to be 1.2766 \pm 0.0032(stat.) \pm 0.0032 (syst.), independent of the muon momentum, below 100 GeV/c. This is the most precise measurement to date. At higher momenta the data are consistent with an increase of the charge ratio, in agreement with cosmic ray shower models and compatible with previous measurements by deep-underground experiments

Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pppp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

Charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$~TeV are measured with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The charged-hadron yield is obtained by counting the number of reconstructed hits, hit-pairs, and fully reconstructed charged-particle tracks. The combination of the three methods gives a charged-particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity \dnchdeta|_{|\eta| < 0.5} = 5.78\pm 0.01\stat\pm 0.23\syst for non-single-diffractive events, higher than predicted by commonly used models. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$ to 7~TeV is 66.1\%\pm 1.0\%\stat\pm 4.2\%\syst. The mean transverse momentum is measured to be 0.545\pm 0.005\stat\pm 0.015\syst\GeVc. The results are compared with similar measurements at lower energies.Charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV are measured with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The charged-hadron yield is obtained by counting the number of reconstructed hits, hit-pairs, and fully reconstructed charged-particle tracks. The combination of the three methods gives a charged-particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity, dN(charged)/d(eta), for |eta| < 0.5, of 5.78 +/- 0.01 (stat) +/- 0.23 (syst) for non-single-diffractive events, higher than predicted by commonly used models. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from sqrt(s) = 0.9 to 7 TeV is 66.1% +/- 1.0% (stat) +/- 4.2% (syst). The mean transverse momentum is measured to be 0.545 +/- 0.005 (stat) +/- 0.015 (syst) GeV/c. The results are compared with similar measurements at lower energies