The Effect Of Em-1® (Lactobacillus Spp.) On Growth Performance Of Quails, Coturnix Japonica

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using effective microorganism as a supplement in diet on growth performance and hepatosomatic index of quails. A 14 days age were used in a trial in triplicate was carried out by compared the control (c) group with three group of effective microbe in which ration was 1L EM:250 L H2O (treatment 1), 1L EM:550 L H2O (treatment 2) and 1L EM:750 L H2O (treatment 3), respectively. The effective microorganism was supplemented via drinking water. Sampling of weight were done every 7 days and growth performance parameter that were used to compare the growth performance of the quails such as Body Weight Gain (BWG), Feed Intake (FI), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Average Daily Gain (ADG) and Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) were recorded. The data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result shows there was significant different (p<0.05) between control group and three other treatment during week four in terms BWG, FCR, ADG and FI. The result of hepatosomatic index shows no significant different (p>0.05) between treatments as it indicate that the quails supplemented with different ratio of effective microbe had no adverse effect on their liver metabolism. Further study can be done by supplemented the effective microorganism via feed

Growth Performance of Broiler Quails Fed with Enriched Probiotic Feed

Probiotic can help in stimulating the growth and development of immune organs, improve level of immunoglobulin and antibody as well as improve immunity in animal. This present study was carried out to determine the effect of feed enriched with probiotics on the growth performance and hepatosomatic index of broiler quails. A total of 240 quails were divided into four groups with three replicates per group. Each treatments group has a different feeding treatment in which treatment 1 (T0) act as a control with no probiotic added, treatment 2 (T1) with 0.05% probiotic added, treatment 3 (T2) with 0.20 % probiotic added and treatment 4 (T3) with 0.35 % probiotic added, respectively. Probiotic was mixed in the feed of quails starting from day 14 until day 42 and the quails were fed ad-libitum twice per day. The results showed that there was a significant different between treatment group and control in weight gain (p<0.05), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI). T2 showed the best growth performances among the other groups after day 42.There was no significant different in hepatosomatic index between treatment group and control (p<0.05).  This might suggest that different concentration of probiotic has no adverse effect on liver of quails. In conclusion, the study suggests that probiotic can improve growth performance with no adverse effect on the liver of the quails

Statistical overview on quality bus services in Klang Valley

Malaysia is one of the fastest grown country in Southeast Asia. Urban development in this country has a same issues should be address as developed countries around the world such as traffic congestion and increasing development area as well as population. Urban area in these countries is facing tremendous traffic congestion problem due to increasing of car ownership day by day. Therefore, there is an urge to study the current state of West Klang public buses in order to provide a thorough picture of its service ratings and performances this paper presents the statistical analysis of the stakeholder perception on the bus service for urban transportation in West Kuala Lumpur. The scope of work for this study is to investigate stakeholders’ views on bus service performance by did a survey in the west side of Klang Valley area only, which are and Puchong, Subang Jaya, Klang, Shah Alam, and Petaling Jaya. Several analyses have been conducted to identify the statistical analysis based on the data given by stakeholder.The result showed that, there are significant positive relationship between all attributes and bus performance. Result summary of hypotheses testing showed the positive relationship between variable. There are several issues should be improved to increase the quality of service for bus performance such as the on time performance buses, route service provided by operator and service coverage of bus. These are several issued have addressed by corresponding and users. Bus operator and government plays their roles tried to rectified all necessary issued and ensured that public opinion and user feedback would be heard.Feedback regarding level of service quality for bus performance should be conducted frequentl

Histology staining on in vitro 3D poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) seeded with annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and a combination of annulus fibrosus: nucleus pulposus (1:1) cells with and without fibrin scaffold

Objectives/Research Problem: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), an FDA-approved, synthetic copolymer has been widely applied in clinical settings as one of the suturing materials. It has been used as cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds because it is bioabsorbable and safe for human use. PLGA can be prepared alone or in combination with other biomaterials such as fibrin to enhance the surface-adhesion properties. Fibrin helps to hold the cells inside the scaffolds and thus minimizes cells lost. This condition facilitates homogeneous cells distribution and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro constructs engineered from PLGA seeded with intervertebral disc (IVD) cells namely annulus fibrosus (AF) cell, nucleus pulposus (NP) cell, and a combination of AF:NP (1:1) with and without fibrin using histology staining. Materials and Method: All cell groups were cultured until passage 1 (P1) prior to seeding step onto the pre-fabricated PLGA scaffolds. Approx. 1.0x106 cells were used per scaffold. The resulted “cells-scaffolds” constructs were cultured for 3-weeks. The microscopic evaluation using H&E, Alcian Blue and Safranin O staining was performed on all constructs at weeks 1, 2 and 3. Results and Discussion: The overall results suggested minimal formation of cartilaginous tissue at week 1 until week 3 in all groups. Formation of cartilaginous tissue is indicated by the presence of cartilage-isolated cells in lacunae spaces. PLGA+Fibrin seeded with AF:NP demonstrated better cellular and ECM distribution than the other PLGA based constructs. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation is noted in most constructs using Alcian Blue staining. However, the presence of proteoglycan-rich matrix was not detected in most constructs using Safranin O staining. This may be due to the immature nature of the in vitro tissue constructs. They have yet to produce cartilage specific proteoglycan-rich matrix. Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that PLGA+Fibrin has the potential to promote early formation of in vitro cartilaginous constructs engineered from the IVD cells. It is hoped that the findings provide a useful information for future research in IVD tissue engineering

A New Improvement of Reverse Voltage Single Phase Multilevel Inverter Topology

The widely use of a multilevel inverter (MLI) in high power system applications proves that MLI is highly superior to the conventional inverter in reducing harmonic distortion. Basically there are three topologies of multilevel inverters that commonly used, which is cascaded H-Bridge, diode clamped and flying capacitor. Even though these inverters can produce low harmonic distortion, many switching devices are needed to perform high voltage level. However, the usage of a numerous number of switching devices can produce high switching losses. It also increases weight, space, cost and switching complexity of the hardware. Therefore, this study attempts to develop low harmonic distortion with less switching devices by improving the reverse voltage topology using MATLAB/Simulink software. The performance of proposed scheme was evaluated through an extensive test considering several scenarios such as amplitude modulation ratio (Ma), total harmonic distortion (THD) and switching scheme under various operating points. Moreover the effectiveness of the proposed scheme was verified by comparing its result with conventional MLI such as reverse voltage MLI topology and cascaded H-bridge topology

Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), atelocollagen, and fibrin bioscaffold composite for intervertebral disk tissue engineering application

The use of synthetically derived poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold and naturally derived materials in regeneration of intervertebral disks has been reported in many previous studies. However, the potential effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) in combination with atelocollagen or fibrin or both atelocollagen and fibrin bioscaffold composite have not been mentioned so far. This study aims to fabricate and characterize three-dimensional poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold incorporated with (1) atelocollagen, (2) fibrin, and (3) both atelocollagen and fibrin combination for intervertebral disk tissue engineering application. The poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) without anynatural, bioscaffold composites was used as control. The chemical conformation, morphology, cell–scaffold attachment, porosity, water uptake capacity, thermal properties, mechanical strength, and pH level were evaluated on all scaffolds using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, gravimetric analysis, swelling test, differential scanning calorimetry, and Instron E3000, respectively. Biocompatibility test was conducted to assess the intervertebral disk, annulus fibrosus cells viability using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared results demonstrated notable peaks of amide bond suggesting interaction of atelocollagen, fibrin, and both atelocollagen and fibrin combination into the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold. Based on the scanning electron microscope observation, the pore size of the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) structure significantly reduced when it was incorporated with atelocollagen and fibrin. The poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)–atelocollagen scaffolds demonstrated higher significant swelling ratios, mechanical strength, and thermal stability than the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold alone. All the three bioscaffold composite groups exhibited the ability to reduce the acidic poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) by-product. In this study, the biocompatibility assessment using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cells proliferation assay demonstrated a significantly higher annulus fibrosus cells viability in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)–atelocollagen–fibrin compared to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) alone. The cellular attachment is comparable in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)–atelocollagen–fibrin and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)–fibrin scaffolds. Overall, these results may suggest potential use of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) combined with atelocollagen and fibrin bioscaffold composite for intervertebral disk regeneration

Route Planning Analysis In Holes Drilling Process Using Magnetic Optimization Algorithm For Electronic Manufacturing Sector

Electronic manufacturing sector uses computer numerical controlled machines for drilling holes. Most of the computer numerical controlled machines used nearest neighbour algorithm to plan the route for the drill bit to travel. Based on this motivation, this paper proposes an approach which is based on the experimentation of Magnetic Optimization Algorithm. In this implementation, each magnetic agent or particle in Magnetic Optimization Algorithm represents a candidate solution of the problem. The magnitude of the magnetic force between these particles is inversely proportional to the distance calculated by the solution they represented. Particles with greater magnetic force will attract other particles with relatively smaller magnetic force, towards it. The process is repeated until the stopping condition meets and the solution with lowest distance is taken as the best-found solution. Result obtained from the case study shows that the proposed approach managed to find the optimal solution. With this method, electronics manufacturing sector can optimize the drilling process hence will increase the productivity of the manufacturer. This study can be extended further by tuning the parameters of MOA in order to enhance the drilling route process

Characterization of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) / atelocollagen hybrid scaffold for intervertebral disc regeneration

The objective of the present study is to characterize PLGA and atelocollagen type 2 (PLGA-A) hybrid scaffolds in terms of swelling capacity, thermal properties and mechanical strength. PLGA without atelocollagen was used as control.Porous PLGA scaffold is fabricated via salt leaching/ solvent-casting using salt at 350-400 micron. 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were used to crosslink atelocollagen with PLGA. The incorporation of atelocollagen and PLGA is confirmed by the presence of amide formation of amide bonds at 1650cm-1 using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated addition of atelocollagen did not jeopardize porous structure of PLGA scaffolds. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed increment of glass transition, Tg of PLGA-A by 13°C. The swelling ratio of PLGA-A scaffold showed 4.8 times increase water uptake within 24-hour period. The mechanical strength of PLGA-A is enhanced by 255.95% when tested with Instron E3000 machine. These findings suggest PLGA incorporation with atelocollagen type 2 may become a promising biomaterial for intervertebral disc regeneration

Performance Of Power Amplifier With Different Matching Techniques For GPS Application

A Power Amplifier (PA) is designed and optimized to have high efficiency,high output power compression,good return loss and high gain for driving it signal to the antenna without any distortion or losses.The objective Has design the 1'4 at GPS L1 frequency 1.575 GHz with at least 10dB gain.Analyze PA is based on type of matching which is stub element,quarter-wave element and lumped element.The entire requirement is determined using calculation and simulated by using AWR software