Genetic Polymorphisms of the Coding Region (Exon 6) of Calpastatin in Indonesian Sheep

Calpastatin (CAST) is an indigenous inhibitor of calpain that involved in regulation of protein turn over and growth. The objective of this research was to identify genetic polymorphisms in the entire exon 6 of calpastatin gene in Indonesian local sheep. A PCR-SSCP method was carried out to identify genetic variation of CAST gene. In total 258 heads of local sheep from 8 populations were investigated, three groups of samples were Thin Tail Sheep (TTS) from Sukabumi, Jonggol, and Kissar. The rest samples were Priangan sheep (PS) from Margawati (Garut meat type) and Wanaraja (Garut fighting type) and Fat Tail Sheep (FTS) from Donggala, Sumbawa, and Rote islands. SSCP analysis revealed that three different SSCP patterns corresponded to three different alleles in the CAST locus (CAST-1, 2, and 3 allele) with five different genotypes. Genetic variation between local sheep populations were calculated based on genotypic and allelic frequencies. Most populations studied were polymorphic, with genotype frequencies of CAST-11, CAST-12, CAST-22, CAST-32, and CAST-33 were 0.286, 0.395, 0.263, 0.046, and 0.007 respectively. CAST-1 and 2 alleles were most commonly found in all populations with total frequency was 0.970, while CAST-3 was a rare allele 0.030 and only found in TTS population. Variation in the CAST gene could be used for the next research as genetic diversity study or to find any association between CAST polymorphism with birth weight, growth trait and carcass quality in Indonesian local sheep

Morphometric and Phylogenic Analysis of Six Population Indonesian Local Goats

The research objectives were to characterize morphometric and genetic distance between populations of Indonesian local goats. The morphological discriminant and canonical analysis were carried out to estimate the phylogenic relationship and determine the discriminant variable between Benggala goats (n= 96), Marica (n= 60), Jawarandu (n= 94), (Kacang (n= 217), Muara (n= 30) and Samosir (n= 42). Discriminant analysis used to clasify body weight and body measurements. In the analysis of variance showed that body weight and body measurement (body length, height at withers, thorax width, thorax height, hert girth, skull width and height, tail length and width, ear length and width) of Muara goats was higher (P<0.05) compared to the other groups, and the lowest was in Marica goats. The smallest genetic distance was between Marica and Samosir (11.207) and the highest were between Muara and Benggala (255.110). The highest similarity between individual within population was found in Kacang (99.28%) and the lowest in Samosir (82.50%). The canonical analysis showed high correlation on canon circumference, body weight, skull width, skull height, and tail width variables so these six variables can be used as distinguishing variables among population. The result from Mahalonobis distance for phenogram tree and canonical analysis showed that six populations of Indonesian local goats were divided into six breed of goats: the first was Muara, the second was Jawarandu, the third was Kacang, the fourth was Benggala, the fifth was Samosir and the sixth was Marica goats. The diversity of body size and body weight of goats was observed quite large, so the chances of increasing productivity could be made through selection and mating programs

Studi Kandungan Logam Berat Pb Di Saluran Kenjeran Dan Kerang Di Muara Saluran

Kenjeran river is one of the rivers with have estuary to the kenjeran beach which have length a bout 4 km. this river was estimate that has contaminate by high heavy metal like (Pb). It\u27s can effected the contents of heavy metal in the estuary cockle. The research goals is to analysis is there any differentiate the content of heavy metal in the river, analysis the content of heavy metal in the cockle, the water\u27s quality and the sediment. From the research result showed there is differentiate between the content of heavy metal in the upper course to the estuary. In the upper course, the cockle and the sediment are contaminate by Pb. There are positive interaction between the contents of Pb in the estuary. The relationship between the content of heavy metal (Pb) in the cockle, the water quality, the sediment and time in the estuary implied as the equation :Y=1,72-0.24X1+0,0206X2 – 1,23 D1 – 0.289D2. The goal of management strategy is to increase the environmental quality and to control the pollution with applying the planning concept, management program and monitoring

Proses Kreatif Pengarang Chicklit dan Teenlit Indonesia

An author creative process includes the issue of why and how the author wrote the novel. Among the chicklit and Teenlit novelists there are similar supporting factors, namely talent, hobby, intelligence, and daily life experience around them. The Supporting factors are then combined with skills, methods and storytelling which spontaneous and honest.They never thought about storytelling techniques when writing a novel. They do not think about the structure of fiction such as the grooves, figure-characterizations, backgrounds, storytelling, and so on.The creative process of the authors can not be separated from the influence of life in their surrounding environment that provides reality as a source of inspiration to write the story. The reality is in the form of social problems, personal problems, society, humanity, divinity, and so on. All sorts of information and experience are gained through association and access to information technology. All are quickly and simultaneously enrich the treasury of their knowledge so that they can talk anywhere, anytime, and about anything. Thus, the young chicklit and Teenlit novelists become successful and famous is not in a sudden and without a process. Nor because special facilities given by publisher or certain parties, but through hard work. Lot of terms and conditions that they can meet through their struggle.Thus, it can be concluded that the creative process of chicklit and Teenlit novelist is a blend of natural talent, hobby, intelligence, and life experience, supporting by intelligence, hard work, a wealth of experience, breadth of relationships, social sensitivity, the ability of storytelling and writing skills

Legalitas Kayu Indonesia pada Bisnis Korporasi: Ketika Pemerintah (Terus) Menyelamatkan Pasar

Paradigma hutan Indonesia yang luas sudah saatnya ditelaah ulang, karena hal ini hanya mendatangkan manfaat ekonomi-politik bagi korporasi dan pemerintah, sementara bagi rakyat yang tinggal didalam atau dipinggiran hutan menjadi kutukan. Sejarah tata kelola-tata kuasa-tata produksi hutan Indonesia yang buruk menghantarkan negara ini menyandang predikat “sarang” kayu liar (illegal logging), selain juga memberikan predikat paralel ke Uni Eropa sebagai “penikmat” kayu liar. Untuk mengatasi hal itu, sejak tahun 2003 Pemerintah Indonesia dan Uni Eropa mengikat diri dalam Kesepakatan Kemitraan Sukarela (Volutary Partnership Agreement/VPA). Dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan internal Indonesia dikenal dengan SVLK (Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu). SVLK sebagai bingkai hukum untuk memerangi tindakan illegal dalam bisnis kayu dalam faktanya masih belum mampu menjawab kompleksitas tunggakan masalah kehutanan di Indonesia, alih-alih hanya menjadi alat pasar