METODE IJTIHAD MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA

Fatwa is believed to be a container having an important and significant role in the religious life of the Islamic community. The urgency and significance can be seen from its function as a mediating between the ideals of Islamic law on the one hand with the factual reality-communities on the other. This is where all the problems, concerns, hopes, aspirations and experiences presented and confronted people to look for common ground with the ideals of moral and religious ethics in Shari'ah mediated by the intellectual prowess of a mufti. One of the institutions that are semi-formal fatwa is the fatwa issued by the Fatwa Commission of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), because these institutions are formally established by the government, but its provisions can not be forced as the decision of the judiciary. Since its establishment in 1975 MUI fatwa has been issued either at the request of individuals, community groups and at the request of the government. This simple article will try to look at and examine some of the MUI fatwa has been issued, to then be viewed and analyzed, especially in terms of legal istinbat method used in formulating his fatwa. Fatwa diyakini sebagai wadah yang memiliki peran penting dan signifikan dalam kehidupan beragama komunitas Islam. Urgensi dan signifikansinya terlihat dari fungsinya sebagai mediasi antara cita ideal hukum Islam di satu pihak dengan realitas-faktual masyarakat di pihak lain. Di sinilah setiap problem, keprihatinan, harapan, aspirasi dan pengalaman masyarakat disampaikan dan dikonfrontasikan untuk dicarikan titik temu dengan cita moral dan etika religius dalam syari’ah yang dimediasi oleh kecakapan intelektual seorang mufti. Salah satu lembaga fatwa yang bersifat semiformal adalah fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), karena lembaga ini resmi dibentuk oleh pemerintah, namun ketetapannya tidak dapat memaksa sebagaimana keputusan lembaga peradilan. Sejak berdiri tahun 1975, MUI telah banyak mengeluarkan fatwa baik atas permintaan individu, kelompok masyarakat maupun atas permintaan pemerintah. Tulisan sederhana ini akan mencoba untuk melihat dan meneliti beberapa fatwa yang telah dikeluarkan MUI, untuk kemudian dilihat dan dianalisis, terutama dari segi metode istinbat hukum yang digunakan dalam merumuskan fatwanya

PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA DALAM PENYELESAIAN PROBLEMATIKA PEMBAGIAN WARIS DALAM ISLAM

Dalam menyelesaikan persoalan kewarisan pendekatan ilmu lain tidak dapat dihindarkan, salah satunya adalah pendekatan matematika, karena ilmu ini sangat terkait dengan persoalan angka-angka. Bahkan kehadiran teori matematika modern seperti teori himpunan, parabola dan hyperbola diyakini sangat diperlukan dalam penyelesaian problematika kewarisan. Di antara persoalan krusial dalam hal kewarisan adalah persoalan bagian anak laki-laki dua kali bagian anak perempuan, apakah dalam semua kondisi atau tidak. Demikian juga persoalan bagian 2/3 dan bagian ½ bagi anak perempuan, apakah dalam kondisi tidak ada anak laki-laki atau tidak. Dalam menyikapi persoalan ini, Muhammad Syahrur sebagai seorang pemikir modern melalui pendekatan matematika telah memberikan jawaban dan penyelesaian yang berbeda dengan ulama klasik. Pendekatan matematika modern menurutnya dapat mengeliminasikan sistem ‘aul dan radd sebagai solusi kewarisan yang diterapkan ulama klasik. Karena dengan menerapkan pendekatan teori himpunan semua harta dapat dibagi tanpa berkurang dan bersisa, sehingga tidak perlu lagi menerapkan sistem ‘aul dan radd

AGROINDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY PROCESSED CHOCOLATE FARMER GROUPS IN KAPALO KOTO VILLAGE PAYAKUMBUH CITY WEST SUMATERA

Cocoa is the agricultural product that has some characteristic are perishable, seasonal and diverse, so need the processing of cocoa beans and have a higher sale value. Some important issues that need to be addressed include the availability of raw materials, process of production, marketing and supportly other aspect, so it is necessary to identify all these aspects, with resulted in a decision that processed cocoa agroindustry based farmer groups in villages is Kapalo Koto can be developed, after considering the result of several formulations subsystems needed include raw matherials, operating (process of production), marketing and support, but need goverment support to help by providing incentives, can be either capital to develop cocoa farming and processing on the processed cocoa industry chocolate in Kapalo Koto villages, Payakumbuh City West Sumatera. So as to sensure the sustainability of the availability of raw matherials for agroindustry production process by optimizing the role and functions of farmer groups which in turn can improve the welfare of the farmer members

RIBA DALAM PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD SYAHRUR (TINJAUAN METODOLOGIS)

Muhammad Syahrur points out that riba (usury) that is forbidden is the practice of usury made by people who are entitled to receive alms according to the provisions in Qur’an Surah  al-Baqarah (2): 275. Meanwhile, for those who are not entitled to receive alms, they  can be given a loan of interest (al-qardh al-istismari) as long as there is no multiplied  payment by taking an additional half of the debt principal as stipulated in Qur’an Surah  Ali Imran (3): 130. This view is clearly contrary to the views of the majority of scholars who argue that the prohibition of usury is fixed, without distinction of many or few, for those who are entitled to receive alms or not,  as regulated in the Qur'an. From the various arguments proposed, Syahrur’s istinbath method is also made based on the Qur'an as the legal basis, just  as classical scholars, only with different understanding and interpretation through contemporary reading

Kajian Hubungan Kebijakan Bauranpemasarandan Volume Penjualan Gula Merah (Saka) Rakyat di Kabupaten Tanah Datar Sumatera Barat

Brown sugar (saka) is one of alternative goods to fill sugar demand in Indonesia. This product is mainly produced by local agroindustries that disperse in many regions, one of the location is in Tanah Datar Regency. The aims of this study are to describe the marketing mix and to analyze the relation between marketing mix and selling volume of brown sugar in Tanah Datar Regency. Variables of this research are 4P of marketing mix and selling volume. The data is collected from farmer who produced traditionally, that spread in three district, then using quantitative analyze. The result of this research shows that product is molded by piece of coconut shell (diameter: 3-5 cm), the color is brown, reddish and yellowish, the selling price about Rp 10.000 - 15.000/Kg, and distributted through collecting traders or directly sold in market, and also have no promotion yet. The result of Chi Square analyze shows that there are relation between selling price variable with product variable, whereas place/ distribution variable is not

The Influence Factors of Regional Development to Create Regional Competitiveness : A Review

Regional development was done before Indonesia's Independent day in 1945, but it still did not achieve the result as expected. The root cause of this problem is avoiding factors that influence regional development. The method used is an integrated review of research focused on regional development and competitiveness. This paper will discuss the external and internal factors of regional development to increase Indonesian position in regional competitiveness level. Internal factors related to regional development are management, resources, participation, local industry, infrastructure, technology, local policy, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Moreover, the external factors affecting regional development are the government, politics, market, and investment. Internal factors in regional development can be controlled; however, external factors are uncontrollable. Focusing on regional development to maintain competitive economic growth and become a competitive region should be put on innovation, entrepreneurship, and networkin