Schizotypy unfolding into the night? Schizotypal traits and daytime psychotic-like experiences predict negative and salient dreams

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Sleep and psychosis

This chapter provides a brief overview of sleep and its link with psychosis. The chapter is organized into three main sections. First, we provide a brief introduction into the fundamentals of sleep and discuss its measurement, the classification of sleep states and their architecture, and the regulation of the rhythm of wakefulness and sleep. This is followed by an overview of the association between sleep disorders (namely, insomnia, nightmare disorder, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, and narcolepsy) and psychosis, and we also discuss reported alterations of sleep electroencephalography (EEG) patterns in patients with schizophrenia. The last section of the chapter proposes some cognitive constructs that could mediate the association between disturbed sleep and psychosis. We present evidence suggesting that sleep disturbances could induce psychosis by reducing prepulse inhibition, impairing reasoning and cognitive flexibility, disrupting source monitoring errors, and/or increasing proneness to false memories. We conclude the chapter by highlighting some of the outstanding questions on the link between sleep and psychosis

Home confinement during the COVID-19: day-to-day associations of sleep quality with rumination, psychotic-like experiences and somatic symptoms

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, populations from many countries have been confined at home for extended periods of time in stressful environmental and media conditions. Cross-sectional studies already evidenced deleterious psychological consequences, with poor sleep as a risk factor for impaired mental health. However, limitations of cross-sectional assessments are response bias tendencies, and the inability to track daily fluctuations in specific subjective experiences in extended confinement conditions. In a prospective study conducted across three European countries, we queried participants (N = 166) twice a day through an online interface about their sleep quality and their negative psychological experiences for two consecutive weeks. Focus was set on between-and within-person associations of subjective sleep quality with daytime experiences such as rumination, psychotic-like experiences, and somatic complaints about the typical symptoms of the coronavirus. Results show that daily reports of country-specific COVID-19 deaths predicted increased negative mood, psychotic-like experiences and somatic complaints during the same day, and decreased subjective sleep quality the following night. Disrupted sleep was globally associated with negative psychological outcomes during the study period, and a relatively poorer night of sleep predicted increased rumination, psychotic-like experiences, and somatic complaints the following day. This temporal association was unidirectional since daytime reports of negative mental experiences were not associated with poor sleep quality on the following night. Our findings show that night-to-night changes in sleep quality predict how individuals cope the next day with daily challenges induced by home confinemen