A type catalogue of Campylopodioideae and Paraleucobryoideae (Musci, Dicranaceae) : part 2, Campylopus

All species of Campylopus Brid. are listed, including citations of basionyms and homotypic synonyms, completed by citation of the type specimen and its location, as well as the current use or other uses of the name

Measuring enterprises’ investments in social capital - a pilot study

Research on the impact of social capital on economic growth has mainly focused on civil society’s social capital. The social capital related to enterprises has received little attention. This paper aims at developing a method for measuring enterprises’ investments in social capital. We define enterprise-related social capital as social and economic networks in which enterprises intentionally and unintentionally invest and interact in. Certain components of these networks are open for ownership while others are not. Interaction in these networks generates network advantages and economic utility in individual firms as well as in the place/region in which they are located. Based on a division in internal and external social capital, we divide the latter in production-related, environment-related and market-related respectively. We differ between the networks’ links and the norms, values, etc that are distributed in the links by the nodes/enterprises. The study is delimited to measurement of the existence and structure of the links. The study shows that it is possible to measure enterprises’ investments (in money or time) in social capital. We also found some significant indications on connections between investments in social capital and the enterprises’ growth, however without being able to establish any casual relationship. Due to the limited number of participating enterprises these connections are merely indications.

Opposing Ugandan homosexual policies—an activist perspective

Based on the perspective of LGBTI-activists, the aim of this study was to analyze the policy processes that frame homosexuality in Uganda, as well as to illuminate different powerful stakeholders involved in the debate with power in the policy process. In October 2009, Member of Parliament David Bahati tabled the Anti-homosexuality Bill in Uganda. The drafting of the Bill condemns people convicted of homosexuality to life imprisonment and anyone convicted of aggravated homosexuality to suffer death. The Bill has caused protest among both local and international Human Right groups. This study is based on an eight-week Minor Field Study conducted in Uganda, which consisted of interviews with LGBTI-activists representing NGOs working toward improvement of homosexual rights. In my analysis I use different structural approaches in order to study the policy process. This helps to understand the complexity of the homosexuality debate and to locate sources of power and at the same time establish the division power among these sources. Marxist and Top Down perspectives show an unequal power deviation in which the government has much power and acts as a controller in the society. Elite theory brings forward elite stakeholders in the policy process; these include as religious leaders, politicians and the president. Turning to a Bottom Up perspective, the Pluralistic theory shows that the power division in the policy process is unequal and that the government is using authoritative means to maintain the power in society. Globalization theory shows that the Anti-homosexuality movement creates tensions between Uganda and its international relations. For instance, donor countries that contribute to its foreign aid have criticized Uganda. This study shows that the democratic system in Uganda is dysfunctional, implying that the LGBTI-activists face obstacles to their advocacy work for homosexual rights from the government and elite stakeholders. On the other hand, the LGBTI-organizations can gain power in the policy process, as depicted by the network theory, by networking with other stakeholders

Girls changing the language : a comparison between the Meiji schoolgirls and the present day kogals

When girls in Japan acquired the right to higher education in the wake of the Meiji reformation in the 19th century, these girls began to talk in a way that was considered vulgar by the public. It was called teyo dawa kotoba (teyo dawa speech) – and over time it became what we call female speech today. During the Meiji and Taisho periods proper ladies did not talk that way, and it was considered to be vulgar slang. Today that is the way proper ladies are expected to talk. Teyo dawa kotoba was not considered to be female speech until the 1930s. Kogals (a subculture of girls in their late teens) have been around since early 1990s, and they have their own vocabulary also considered to be vulgar slang – are there any signs that the same thing is happening today? Are present day Japanese people aware of which words they use (if any) that originated as kogal slang? If not, can this be considered the beginning of a similar assimilation of slang of teenage girls? A comparison between the Meiji schoolgirls and the present day kogals is possible and certain similarities can be found at just a quick glance

Driven by Emotions

People feel connected to all kinds of objects. The objects do not need monetary value but can, through attachment, feel valuable and be cared for differently. This might differ in access-based consumption since users only use the object for a limited time. This project explores how connectivity can be used to encourage an emotional connection between driver and car in an access-based context. The project will start by establishing guidelines to consider when designing an emotional connection between a driver and an access-based car. This will be done by examining existing literature and interviewing relevant user groups. How the brand and the user’s relationship with the brand can strengthen the connection will also be investigated. In this paper, a design that applies these principles will be created following a design process. Finally, the design will be evaluated on how well it aligns with the presented guidelines and conforms to the car brand. The results are five guidelines to aid when designing for emotional connection, as well as a design that aligns with the created guidelines and captures the brand’s identity

The Climate Resilient City of the Future : a study of the effects of climate change on the built environment in Malmö

Klimatförändringars konsekvenser är närvarande idag och förväntas bli allt mer omfattande samt återkommande i framtiden. I Sverige innebär dessa konsekvenser förändringar i klimat och väder såsom ökad extremvärme och fler värmeböljor, omfattande skyfall, en förändrad intensitet vid stormar samt havsnivåhöjningar. Dessa konsekvenser medför i sin tur ytterligare följdeffekter som exempelvis höga temperaturer och översvämningar som kan generera skador på den bebyggda miljön i städerna. Städer är speciellt utsatta av klimatförändringars konsekvenser, då den bebyggda miljön i staden generellt har spatiala sammanhang som bidrar till att förvärra effekterna av extremväder. Exempelvis en stor mängd hårdgjorda ytor och en tät bebyggelse. För att bättre bemöta dessa klimatutmaningar behöver städer därför genomföra klimatanpassningsåtgärder i större utsträckning. I uppsatsen har syftet varit att genom en kartläggning av olika riskfaktorer identifiera platser i Malmö som är sårbara för extremväder och därigenom sprida kunskap om vilka spatiala sammanhang som behöver prioriteras i klimatanpassningsarbetet. Studien syftar även till att undersöka Malmö stads arbete med klimatanpassning inom den fysiska planeringen, för att bidra till diskussioner om klimatanpassningens utmaningar. För att kunna besvara syftet användes följande metoder: litteraturstudie, kartläggning (kartstudie och platsbesök), kvalitativa intervjuer samt dokumentstudie. I uppsatsen har tre teoretiska perspektiv använts: sammansatt problem, polycentrisk styrning och naturbaserade lösningar. De teoretiska perspektiven har möjliggjort att observera komplexiteten med klimatanpassning utifrån olika infallsvinklar. I uppsatsen kan det konstateras att de platser som anses vara mer sårbara för klimatförändringarnas konsekvenser utgörs av hårdgjorda markytor och är belägna på privatägd mark i Malmö i större utsträckning. Utifrån studien kan det därtill konstateras att det behövs ett mer omfattande gränsöverskridande samarbete, oavsett ägandestruktur inom klimatanpassning för att kunna bättre möta det framtida klimatet i städer.The impacts of climate change are already evident and are projected to become more widespread and frequent in the future. In Sweden, these impacts manifest as changes in climate and weather patterns, including increased heatwaves and extreme heat, heavy precipitation, altered storm intensity, and rising sea levels. These consequences, in turn, give rise to further effects such as high temperatures and flooding, which can result in damage to urban infrastructure. Cities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to factors such as extensive paved surfaces and dense urban development, which exacerbate the effects of extreme weather events. To effectively address these climate challenges, cities need to implement comprehensive climate adaptation measures. The aim of this essay is to identify areas in Malmö that are vulnerable to extreme weather events by assessing various risk factors. By doing so, it aims to disseminate knowledge about the specific spatial contexts that should be prioritized in climate adaptation efforts. The study also aims to examine Malmös(municipality) efforts in climate adaptation within physical planning, in order to contribute to discussions on the challenges of climate adaptation. In order to address the research objective, the following methods were employed: literature review, mapping (map study and site visits), qualitative interviews, and document analysis. The thesis incorporates three theoretical perspectives: wicked problems, polycentric governance, and nature-based solutions. These theoretical frameworks have allowed for a comprehensive examination of the complexity of climate adaptation from various perspectives. The findings of the thesis indicate that areas deemed more vulnerable to the consequences of climate change are characterized by paved surfaces and are predominantly situated on privately owned land in Malmö. Additionally, the study highlights the necessity for enhanced cross-sectoral collaboration, irrespective of ownership structure, in climate adaptation efforts to effectively address future urban climate challenges

Promoting Sustainable Mobility in Urban Areas – the Role of Residential Parking A Multiple Case Study of 13 Homeowner Associations in Gothenburg, Mölndal and Partille

A well-functioning transportation infrastructure that meets individual and societal mobility needs without relying on private cars is a critical component of the effort to create sustainable development in urban areas. Research shows that the availability of residential parking affects trip frequency, car ownership, mode preference and can potentially minimize private car use. In this setting, it is important for property owners to be considerate of factors that may affect residential car parking demand as well as resident’s willingness to use more sustainable modes of transportation. Therefore, this thesis aims to examine the role of residential parking in the work to promote sustainable mobility in urban areas. To realize the aim, an analysis of the current parking situation at 13 homeowner associations in Gothenburg, Mölndal and Partille were conducted and combined with existing research on the topic. Various factors that are thought to influence residents' car and bicycle parking demand were examined. We conclude that the resident’s mobility condition affects their parking demand. The results indicate that high parking requirements, absence of carsharing, and relatively long travel time to city center by public transportation contributes to a higher residential car parking demand. Car parking located farther away from the residence as well as restricted car parking that only allows residents to rent one parking space per apartment can instead reduce the residential car parking demand. In terms of factors that influence residents' demand for bicycle parking, we observed that the bicycle parking demand increases when the residence is located relatively close to the city center, yet, most bicycle parking spaces are oversized. To contextualize the results, the development of Backaplan was used were the findings from the study were theoretically implemented to generate recommendations on how the area's mobility can promote sustainable development. It is clear that residential parking plays an important role in the work to promote sustainable mobility. In future urban areas, such as Backaplan, residential parking should be located further away than other more sustainable modes of transportation in order to make private car ownership less appealing. As a consequence, public transportation should be closer to a residence than a car parking lo

Litteratursamtalets landskap: gymnasieelevers kunskapsutveckling i samtal om skönlitteratur

I föreliggande arbete undersöks kunskapsutvecklingen i en gymnasieklass som samtalar om ett antal lästa romaner med arbete, klass och utanförskap som teman. Samtalen förbereddes, strukturerades och fördes av eleverna själva i mindre grupper och genomfördes som en del av elevernas ordinarie undervisning. Syftet med studien är att synliggöra hur eleverna bearbetar det lästa och vilken typ av kunskap som utvecklas i samband med samtalet, samt undersöka var elevernas gemensamma närmaste utvecklingszon finns. Det teoretiska ramverket utgörs av ett sociokulturellt och dialogiskt perspektiv samt receptionsteori. Materialet, som bestod av samtalsinspelningar, har kategoriserats och analyserats genom empiristyrd tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att eleverna baserar sina observationer på och utvecklar kunskap inom fem olika domäner: historisk, politisk, erfarenhetsbaserad, litterär/textnära respektive psykologisk. Behovet av ytterligare stöttning för att nå nästa utvecklingszon visade sig tydligast i samband med att eleverna försökte relatera det lästa till respektive tema och i samband med detta göra kopplingar till samtiden och omvärlden

Consequences of a glyphosate ban for Swedish crop production

Under 2017 fördes flera diskussioner angående ett glyfosatförbud i Europa där flera skribenter menade på att det saknades konsekvensanalyser i ämnet. Detta bidrog till att jag beslutade mig för att undersöka hur svenska växtodlare ansåg att de skulle påverkas av ett glyfosatförbud. Rapporten utfördes delvis genom en litteraturstudie, men bygger främst på en enkätstudie där de tillfrågade lantbrukarna var kunder till Varaslättens Lagerhus. Enkäten delades ut under två olika medlemskvällar och av samtliga tillfrågade valde 102 lantbrukare att besvara enkäten vilket gav en svarsfrekvens på 67 %. Under 2017 diskuterades frågan kring glyfosatets fortsatta godkännande. International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC, klassade under 2015 glyfosat som cancerogent för människor. European Chemicals Agency, ECHA, å sin sida ansåg att glyfosat ej kunde anses vara cancerogent. Detta gjorde även European Food Safety Authority, EFSA, samt Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States, FAO. Det EU-kommissionen röstade igenom under år 2017 var ett fortsatt godkännande i fem år, fram till 15 december 2022. I vanliga fall är det vanligaste att EU-kommissionen beslutar om en förlängning på femton år av kemiska preparat. EU-kommissionens beslut i detta fall indikerar på en viss reservation för ett fortsatt användande av glyfosat. Frågorna i enkätstudien fokuserade på hur lantbrukarna ansåg sig påverkas av ett glyfosatförbud i aspekter så som växtföljd, produktionskostnader, jordbearbetningsmetod och maskinanvändning. En återkommande konsekvens som lantbrukarna angav oberoende fråga var det faktum att jordbearbetningen med diverse redskap antas öka och därmed även dieselförbrukningen. Ökad ogräsförekomst och svårare att hantera dessa problem var också ett svar som förekom på fler frågor. Dessutom ansåg en del av lantbrukarna att deras växtföljd skulle behöva förändras och grödor som vete, baljväxter och lin exkluderas ur den. Samtliga konsekvenser som angavs kan i förlängningen innebära ökade kostnader för lantbrukarna och utifrån vilken utveckling spannmålspriserna förmodas få kan det diskuteras hur den fortsatta lönsamheten för svenska växtodlare kommer att se ut.This thesis aims to examine the perceived effect of a Glyphosate ban on crop production among Swedish farmers. In 2017 there was an intense debate as to how this ban would affect crop production, this thesis sets out to give a new perspective on this debate through a quantitative survey and a literature study. The survey was distributed to 154 Swedish Farmers through Varaslättens Lagerhus, a Swedish distributor of agricultural products. The response rate was 67 %. Glyphosate is a chemical substance common used in agriculture through the world. In 2017 the issue of Glyphosates’ continued approval was debated among researchers, governments and health organizations. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) rated Glyphosate as “potentially cancerogenic”, while other organizations such as the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as well as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States (FAO) did not consider Glyphosate a cancerogenic substance. To further emphasize the uncertainty that surrounds this chemical, the European Commission took the unorthodox decision to approve the continued use of the chemical within the European Union for only five years instead of fifteen years, which is the standard period of extension for a chemical substance. While the continued use of Glyphosate is debated, one should not forget the effect of this potential ban on farmers. The main focus of this thesis is to gain a better understanding of how farmers believe that a potential ban might affect them, through a quantitative survey, in aspects such as crop rotation, productions costs, tillage and the use of machines. From this survey one can conclude that the respondents believe that tillage and diesel consumption is expected to increase as a result of the potential ban. Moreover, the respondents believed that the occurrence of weeds among their crop would increase which would lead to new difficult problems to handle. Other respondents anticipated that their crop rotation would change if plants like wheat, legumes and flax would be more difficult to grow. To conclude, the participating farmers anticipate that a ban on Glyphosate will lead to new productions problems and hence increase their long-term costs