Desorption dynamics of deuterium molecules from the Si(100)-(3×1) dideuteride surface

We measured polar angle ()-resolved time-of-flight spectra of D2 molecules desorbing from the Si(100)-(3×1) dideuteride surface. The desorbing D2 molecules exhibit a considerable translational heating with mean desorption kinetic energies of 0.25 eV, which is mostly independent of the desorption angles for 0°30°. The observed desorption dynamics of deuterium was discussed along the principle of detailed balance to predict their adsorption dynamics onto the monohydride Si surface

Coverage dependent desorption dynamics of deuterium on Si(100) surfaces: Interpretation with a diffusion-promoted desorption model

We studied coverage dependence of time-of-flight (TOF) spectra of D2 molecules thermally desorbed from the D/Si(100) surface. The mean translational energies Et of desorbed D2 molecules were found to increase from 0.20±0.05 eV to 0.40±0.04 eV as the desorption coverage window was decreased from 1.0 MLD0.9 ML to 0.2 MLD0 ML, being consistent with the kinetics switch predicted in the interdimer mechanism. The measured TOF spectra were deconvoluted into 2H, 3H, and 4H components by a curve fitting method along the principle of detailed balance. As a result, it turned out that the desorption kinetics changes from the 4H to the 3H situation at high coverage above D = 0.9 ML, while the 2H desorption is dominant for a quite wide coverage region up to D = 0.8 ML. A dynamic desorption mechanism by which the desorption is promoted by D-atom diffusion to dangling bonds was proposed

Aberrant Anterior Thalamic Radiation Structure in Bipolar Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Tractography Study

Disrupted white matter (WM) integrity in the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) has been identified in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). We explored whether structural WM aberration in the ATR could be visually evaluated by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). The study comprised 114 participants, including 57 patients with BD and 57 healthy controls (HCs). A poorly visualized ATR reflects an abnormal WM structure. We defined a poorly visualized ATR as one in which at least one ATR fiber bundle failed to reach to the boundary between gray and white matter. Poor ATR visualization occurred significantly more frequently in the left ATR of those with BD than in HCs (P = 0.042). Furthermore, we adjusted the fractional anisotropy (FA) value and when evaluation of a given ATR changed from good to poor, we defined that value as the optimal FA threshold. In the right ATR, we successfully classified BD and HCs with 71.1% accuracy (sensitivity = 89.5% and specificity = 52.6%) and an area under the curve of 0.76 using the optimal FA threshold of 0.28. The present results suggest that the optimal FA threshold can serve as a biological marker that distinguishes individuals with BD from HCs. Thus, visual evaluation of the ATR by DTT may prove to be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool for BD in clinical practice

グローバル化した世界経済における通商システムの動向と自由貿易論 : 自由貿易論はどう変わっていくのか

　「現地生産」や「ローカルコンテント」に関する規制が強化されている最近の世界貿易の動向は，貿易の一層の自由化及び拡大の実現を目的とするウルグァイ・ラウンド協定，それを引き継いだWTOの基本理念とはおよそ相容れない保護主義的な傾向に見える．しかも，この傾向は世界経済のグローバル化が急速に進展している一方で，EUやNAFTAなどの地域統合・連携に関する自由貿易協定と密接に結びついているのが特微である．かかる直接投資に関する規制自体，単なる自由貿易の理念に関する哲学上の問題ではない．生産要素の賦与状態や生産技術の差異を強調する伝統的な貿易論の観点からすれば，理論的な前提と矛盾する状況だからである．この小論の目的は，最近の動向を追いながら，伝統的な自由貿易論がグローバルなコンテスタブル・マーケットに向かっていることを試論的に示そうとするものである

High-Field Magnetization of Some Mn Alloys(Magnetism)

We have made high-field magnetization measurements for some Mn alloys : ε-Mn_Ga with δ= -0.30, ε-(Mn_Fe_x)_3Sn with x=0.1 and 0.3, Fe_3Mn_4Ge_ and γ-(Mn_Fe_x)_Ga_y with x=0.44 and y=0.27. The ε-Mn_Ga has the hexagonal D0_ type structure and a distorted triangular antiferromagnetic spin structure. The hexagonal lattice is slightly distorted to an orthorhombic lattice at T_d of about 290 K with large magnetization. Pseudo-binary ε-(Mn_Fe_x)_3Sn has also the D0_ type structure, and the alloys with x has an hp13-type structure, and shows an antiferromagnetism below 470 K. The isothermal magnetization at 77 K shows a steep increase around 110 kOe, suggesting the metamagnetic transition. The γ-(Mn_Fe_x)_Ga_y is face centered cubic. The alloys with x=0.4～0.5 and y=0.27 show coexistence of an antiferromagnetic state and a ferromagnetic state below Neel temperature (T_N～300K), and a typical ferromagnetic behavior above T_N ( Curie temperature T_C>550 K). The magnetization of the coexisting state at 77 K in a field of 150 kOe was comparable to that of the ferromagnetic state at 300 K

Macrophage Notch Ligand Delta-Like 4 Promotes Vein Graft Lesion Development, Implications for the Treatment of Vein Graft Failure

Objective—Despite its large clinical impact, the underlying mechanisms for vein graft failure remain obscure and no effective therapeutic solutions are available. We tested the hypothesis that Notch signaling promotes vein graft disease. Approach and Results—We used 2 biotherapeutics for Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), a Notch ligand: (1) blocking antibody and (2) macrophage- or endothelial cell (EC)–targeted small-interfering RNA. Dll4 antibody administration for 28 days inhibited vein graft lesion development in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice, and suppressed macrophage accumulation and macrophage expression of proinflammatory M1 genes. Dll4 antibody treatment for 7 days after grafting also reduced macrophage burden at day 28. Dll4 silencing via macrophage-targeted lipid nanoparticles reduced lesion development and macrophage accumulation, whereas EC-targeted Dll4 small-interfering RNA produced no effects. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies suggested in vitro that Dll4 induces proinflammatory molecules in macrophages. Macrophage Dll4 also stimulated smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and suppressed their differentiation. Conclusions—These results suggest that macrophage Dll4 promotes lesion development in vein grafts via macrophage activation and crosstalk between macrophages and smooth muscle cells, supporting the Dll4–Notch axis as a novel therapeutic target.United States. National Institutes of Health (R01HL107550)American Heart Association (0655878T)American Heart Association (12GRNT9510001)American Heart Association (12GRNT1207025)Good Samaritan FoundationShapiro Family Foundatio

First Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program

The Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) is a three-layered imaging survey aimed at addressing some of the most outstanding questions in astronomy today, including the nature of dark matter and dark energy. The survey has been awarded 300 nights of observing time at the Subaru Telescope and it started in March 2014. This paper presents the first public data release of HSC-SSP. This release includes data taken in the first 1.7 years of observations (61.5 nights) and each of the Wide, Deep, and UltraDeep layers covers about 108, 26, and 4 square degrees down to depths of i~26.4, ~26.5, and ~27.0 mag, respectively (5sigma for point sources). All the layers are observed in five broad bands (grizy), and the Deep and UltraDeep layers are observed in narrow bands as well. We achieve an impressive image quality of 0.6 arcsec in the i-band in the Wide layer. We show that we achieve 1-2 per cent PSF photometry (rms) both internally and externally (against Pan-STARRS1), and ~10 mas and 40 mas internal and external astrometric accuracy, respectively. Both the calibrated images and catalogs are made available to the community through dedicated user interfaces and database servers. In addition to the pipeline products, we also provide value-added products such as photometric redshifts and a collection of public spectroscopic redshifts. Detailed descriptions of all the data can be found online. The data release website is https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp/.Comment: 34 pages, 20 figures, 7 tables, moderate revision, accepted for publication in PAS