O uso de corticoterapias no controle de parâmetros inflamatórios em cirurgia oral menor / The use of corticotherapy to control inflammatory parameters in minor oral surgery

Os corticoides desempenham um importante papel no manejo pré-operatório e pós-operatório das cirurgias orais menores com o intuito de controlar algumas complicações, como a dor, o edema e o trismo muscular. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi revisar a literatura sobre os diferentes protocolos de corticoterapias usados em cirurgia oral menor, e avaliar os seus respectivos resultados. Assim, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS, utilizando as palavras-chaves “Corticoid”, “Third Molar Surgery” e “Corticosteroids”. No total, foram encontrados 90 artigos e, após uma leitura crítica de títulos e resumos, selecionou-se 15 estudos, todos ensaios clínicos, publicados entre 2013 e 2020, na língua inglesa. A literatura relata eficácia em protocolos de diferentes corticosteroides no pré e pós-operatório sendo a Dexametasona e a Metilprednisolona os mais eficazes para o controle da dor, do edema e/ou do trismo muscular em cerca de 13 ensaios. Um total de 4 estudos demonstra, ainda, que a associação entres corticosteroides e anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais trazem resultados positivos no controle desses parâmetros.  Além disso, a maioria dos artigos demonstra que a corticoterapia tem eficácia superior quando aplicada por via oral, todavia podem ser administrados também por via submucosa e intramuscular, obtendo resultados satisfatórios. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o uso de corticosteroides traz efeitos positivos no controle dos principais parâmetros inflamatórios, proporcionando maior conforto ao paciente sem gerar efeitos adversos, porém mais estudos devem ser realizados para que um protocolo de uso seja estabelecido em cirurgia oral menor

Estudo químico e biológico de Tephrosia toxicaria Pers. Chemical and biological study of the Tephrosia toxicaria Pers.

<abstract language="eng">The ethanol extracts from leaves, stems, pods and roots were assayed against the 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae and the highest activity was observed in the roots extracts (LC50 47.86 ppm). This extract was submitted to partition with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The respective fractions were bioassayed and the best larvicidal activities were identified in the hexane (LC50 23.99 ppm) and chloroform (LC50 13.80 ppm) fractions. Antioxidant activity (DDPH method) was observed in the ethanol extract (IC50 276 µg/mL) from roots of T. toxicaria. Fractions from this extract were also tested and the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 89 µg/mL) was found in the methanol fraction. The flavonoids iso-obovatin (1), obovatin (2), 6a,12a-dehydro-&#946;-toxicarol (3), 6a,12a-dehydro-&#945;-toxicarol (4) and &#945;-toxicarol (5) were isolated and bioassayed against A. aegypti. The flavonoid 5 showed the best larvicidal activity (LC50 24.55 ppm). The antioxidant activity of 2 was investigated and showed IC50 3.370 µg/mL. The antioxidant and larvicidal activities of Tephrosia toxicaria are reported for the first time

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora