Do we expect to find the Super-Earths close to the gas giants?

We have investigated the evolution of a pair of interacting planets embedded in a gaseous disc, considering the possibility of the resonant capture of a Super-Earth by a Jupiter mass gas giant. First, we have examined the situation where the Super-Earth is on the internal orbit and the gas giant on the external one. It has been found that the terrestrial planet is scattered from the disc or the gas giant captures the Super-Earth into an interior 3:2 or 4:3 mean-motion resonance. The stability of the latter configurations depends on the initial planet positions and on eccentricity evolution. The behaviour of the system is different if the Super-Earth is the external planet. We have found that instead of being captured in the mean-motion resonance, the terrestrial planet is trapped at the outer edge of the gap opened by the gas giant. This effect prevents the occurrence of the first order mean-motion commensurability. These results are particularly interesting in light of recent exoplanet discoveries and provide predictions of what will become observationally testable in the near future.Comment: 7 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the conference "Extra-solar Planets in Multi-body Systems: Theory and Observations"; eds. K. Gozdziewski, A. Niedzielski and J. Schneider, EAS Publication Serie

Philippians 2:6-11: Pre-Existence or Second Adam Christology? A Comparison of the Exegeses of Three Modern Scholars with that of St. John Chrysostom

At least two major Christologies have been found in Philippians 2:6-11, which is otherwise known as the Philippians hymn. One group of biblical scholars argues for a Christology of a pre-existent, divine being who had full equality with God from eternity. This is often referred to as pre-existence Christology. Under this Christology, the pre-existent Christ did not need to grasp at full equality with God because he already had it. Instead, he chose to empty himself, becoming a human being (a slave ) and to humble himself by being obedient to death. After his death and resurrection, God exalted him back to the status that he had in his pre-existence: full equality with God. A second group of biblical scholars argues that in Phil 2:6-11 Paul (or whoever authored the hymn) was not describing a pre-existent, divine being but rather the earthly Jesus of Nazareth. These scholars generally interpret the periscope as exhibiting a Second Adam Christology. According to this Christology, the earthly Jesus described in the hymn did not have equality with God. Christ made a choice - unlike the Adam of Genesis - not to grasp at equality with God, but to be obedient to God by accepting death