244 research outputs found
Exposure to Household Air Pollution from Biomass Cookstoves and Blood Pressure Among Women in Rural Honduras: A CrossâSectional Study
Growing evidence links household air pollution exposure from biomass cookstoves with elevated blood pressure. We assessed crossâsectional associations of 24âhour mean concentrations of personal and kitchen fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and stove type with blood pressure, adjusting for confounders, among 147 women using traditional or cleanerâburning Justa stoves in Honduras. We investigated effect modification by age and body mass index. Traditional stove users had mean (standard deviation) personal and kitchen 24âhour PM2.5 concentrations of 126 Îźg/m3 (77) and 360 Îźg/m3 (374), while Justa stove usersâ exposures were 66 Îźg/m3 (38) and 137 Îźg/m3(194), respectively. BC concentrations were similarly lower among Justa stove users. Adjusted mean systolic blood pressure was 2.5 mm Hg higher (95% CI, 0.7â4.3) per unit increase in natural logâtransformed kitchen PM2.5 concentration; results were stronger among women of 40 years or older (5.2 mm Hg increase, 95% CI, 2.3â8.1). Adjusted odds of borderline high and high blood pressure (categorized) were also elevated (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% CI, 1.0â2.3). Some results included null values and are suggestive. Results suggest that reduced household air pollution, even when concentrations exceed air quality guidelines, may help lower cardiovascular disease risk, particularly among older subgroups
Exposure to Household Air Pollution from Biomass Cookstoves and Levels of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) among Honduran Women
Household air pollution is estimated to be responsible for nearly three million premature deaths annually. Measuring fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) may improve the limited understanding of the association of household air pollution and airway inflammation. We evaluated the cross-sectional association of FeNO with exposure to household air pollution (24-h average kitchen and personal fine particulate matter and black carbon; stove type) among 139 women in rural Honduras using traditional stoves or cleaner-burning Justastoves. We additionally evaluated interaction by age. Results were generally consistent with a null association; we did not observe a consistent pattern for interaction by age. Evidence from ambient and household air pollution regarding FeNO is inconsistent, and may be attributable to differing study populations, exposures, and FeNO measurement procedures (e.g., the flow rate used to measure FeNO)
Recommended from our members
Dynamic MAIT cell response with progressively enhanced innateness during acute HIV-1 infection.
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell loss in chronic HIV-1 infection is a significant insult to antimicrobial immune defenses. Here we investigate the response of MAIT cells during acute HIV-1 infection utilizing the RV217 cohort with paired longitudinal pre- and post-infection samples. MAIT cells are activated and expand in blood and mucosa coincident with peak HIV-1 viremia, in a manner associated with emerging microbial translocation. This is followed by a phase with elevated function as viral replication is controlled to a set-point level, and later by their functional decline at the onset of chronic infection. Interestingly, enhanced innate-like pathways and characteristics develop progressively in MAIT cells during infection, in parallel with TCR repertoire alterations. These findings delineate the dynamic MAIT cell response to acute HIV-1 infection, and show how the MAIT compartment initially responds and expands with enhanced function, followed by progressive reprogramming away from TCR-dependent antibacterial responses towards innate-like functionality
Recommended from our members
Evaluating the Return in Ecosystem Services from Investment in Public Land Acquisitions
We evaluate the return on investment (ROI) from public land conservation in the state of Minnesota, USA. We use a spatially-explicit modeling tool, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST), to estimate how changes in land use and land cover (LULC), including public land acquisitions for conservation, influence the joint provision and value of multiple ecosystem services. We calculate the ROI of a public conservation acquisition as the ratio of the present value of ecosystem services generated by the conservation to the cost of the conservation. For the land scenarios analyzed, carbon sequestration services generated the greatest benefits followed by water quality improvements and recreation opportunities. We found ROI values ranged from 0.21 to 5.28 depending on assumptions about future land use change, service values, and discount rate. Our study suggests conservation is a good investment as long as investments are targeted to areas with low land costs and high service values
The Vehicle, 1967, Vol. 9 no. 2
Table of Contents
Commentarypage 3
SketchAnn Butlerpage 4
I Take A Long-Out-of-Use BookAnthony Griggspage 5
The Leaf StemDianne Cochranpage 6
The Four MusketeersJim Courterpage 7
Status QuoAdrian Beardpage 7
SketchAnn Butlerpage 8
NocturneMike Baldwinpage 9
Oh Impatient HeartK. H. Shariffpage 9
Letter to a FianceeMaurice Snivelypage 10
Listen!Bonnie Blackpage 11
The Water\u27s EdgeStephen W. Gibbspage 12
TogetherDavid Reifpage 13
SketchAnn Butlerpage 14
Evening TimeSharon Nelsonpage 15
Japanese HaikuBev Hensonpage 15
Of Love and WarBruce Czeluscinskipage 16
Always AloneKib Voorheespage 17
the end of loveJackie Bratcherpage 18
1-20-66Sharon Nelsonpage 19
Blessed Are WeBonnie Marie Beckpage 19
The Time To LiveNeil Tracypage 20
Imminent AwakeningHelen Coxpage 21
The Dead Panther LairMolly J. Evanspage 21
Good SheepMike Tilfordpage 22
The Flame of LifeJacki Jacquespage 23
Then Arrives The Day Of DarkMolly J. Evanspage 23
Sketch: To love is to rememberAnn Butlerpage 24
Hidden RiversCharles J. Mertzpage 25
SilenceLinda G. Phillipspage 26
December - 1964Bonnie Blackpage 26
LoveHazel Thomaspage 27
To Praise A Good Man Neil Tracypage 28
Definitions \u2767Sharon Nelsonpage 29
To Wish Is a CrimeBonnie Marie Beckpage 30
College MadhatterMaurice Snivelypage 31
No. 8Sharon Nelsonpage 32
The Open FireSusan Williamspage 32https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1017/thumbnail.jp
Exposure to household air pollution from biomass cookstoves and blood pressure among women in rural Honduras: A crossâ sectional study
Growing evidence links household air pollution exposure from biomass cookstoves with elevated blood pressure. We assessed crossâ sectional associations of 24â hour mean concentrations of personal and kitchen fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and stove type with blood pressure, adjusting for confounders, among 147 women using traditional or cleanerâ burning Justa stoves in Honduras. We investigated effect modification by age and body mass index. Traditional stove users had mean (standard deviation) personal and kitchen 24â hour PM2.5 concentrations of 126Ă ĂÂźg/m3 (77) and 360Ă ĂÂźg/m3 (374), while Justa stove usersâ exposures were 66Ă ĂÂźg/m3 (38) and 137Ă ĂÂźg/m3 (194), respectively. BC concentrations were similarly lower among Justa stove users. Adjusted mean systolic blood pressure was 2.5Ă mm Hg higher (95% CI, 0.7â 4.3) per unit increase in natural logâ transformed kitchen PM2.5 concentration; results were stronger among women of 40Ă years or older (5.2Ă mm Hg increase, 95% CI, 2.3â 8.1). Adjusted odds of borderline high and high blood pressure (categorized) were also elevated (odds ratioĂ =Ă 1.5, 95% CI, 1.0â 2.3). Some results included null values and are suggestive. Results suggest that reduced household air pollution, even when concentrations exceed air quality guidelines, may help lower cardiovascular disease risk, particularly among older subgroups.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146816/1/ina12507.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146816/2/ina12507_am.pd
Epidemiological Interactions between Urogenital and Intestinal Human Schistosomiasis in the Context of Praziquantel Treatment across Three West African Countries
Š 2015 Knowles et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article
Within the heart's darkness:The role of emotions in Arendt's political thought
Interest in the political relevance of the emotions is growing rapidly. In light of this, Hannah Arendtâs claim that the emotions are apolitical has come under renewed fire. But many critics have misunderstood her views on the relationship between individuals, emotions and the political. This paper addresses this issue by reconstructing the conceptual framework through which Arendt understands the emotions. Arendt often describes the heart â where the emotions reside â as a place of darkness. I begin by tracing this metaphor through her work to demonstrate that it is meant to convey the inherently uncertain nature of emotions rather than a devaluation of them. I proceed to challenge the notion that Arendt adopts the Enlightenment dichotomy between reason and emotion. In fact, she rejects both as a basis for politics. However, she does identify some constructive roles for the emotions. I argue that fear is intrinsically connected to courage â the principal political virtue â in Arendtâs philosophy. In light of my discussion, I then reinterpret the role of compassion and pity in On Revolution, concluding that Arendtâs insights can help us avoid the potential pitfalls of the contemporary project to recuperate the emotions in politics
- âŚ