Comparative analysis of morphometric parameters of intercondylar notch in patients with and without anterior cruciate ligament tears

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is the most common type of ligament injury whose prevalence is higher in athletes. There are different external risk factors for this injury. However, it is important to find its physiological risk factors, as well. This study assessed the relationship between morphometric parameters of intercondylar notch and ACL tears in patients suffering from knee complications. METHODS: Patients with or without ACL tears who had undergone knee magnetic resonance imaging for any reason were recruited based on inclusion criteria. Intercondylar notch width, femoral bicondylar width, and intercondylar notch index were calculated in both groups. Then, significant variables from univariate analysis were entered in multiple regression analysis with intercondylar notch width, femoral bicondylar width, and intercondylar notch index being assumed as dependent variables. RESULTS: Overall, 199 participants, including 81 patients with ACL tear and 118 without ACL tear, were evaluated. Multiple regression analysis revealed intercondylar notch width and intercondylar notch index to be less common among women and subjects with ACL tears (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, there are relationships between ACL tears and being female and intercondylar notch width. Therefore, intercondylar notch index can be used for screening athletes and people at risk of ACL tears

Comparative analysis of morphometric parameters of intercondylar notch in patients with and without anterior cruciate ligament tears

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is the most common type of ligament injury whose prevalence is higher in athletes. There are different external risk factors for this injury. However, it is important to find its physiological risk factors, as well. This study assessed the relationship between morphometric parameters of intercondylar notch and ACL tears in patients suffering from knee complications. METHODS: Patients with or without ACL tears who had undergone knee magnetic resonance imaging for any reason were recruited based on inclusion criteria. Intercondylar notch width, femoral bicondylar width, and intercondylar notch index were calculated in both groups. Then, significant variables from univariate analysis were entered in multiple regression analysis with intercondylar notch width, femoral bicondylar width, and intercondylar notch index being assumed as dependent variables. RESULTS: Overall, 199 participants, including 81 patients with ACL tear and 118 without ACL tear, were evaluated. Multiple regression analysis revealed intercondylar notch width and intercondylar notch index to be less common among women and subjects with ACL tears (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, there are relationships between ACL tears and being female and intercondylar notch width. Therefore, intercondylar notch index can be used for screening athletes and people at risk of ACL tears

Pareidolia as additional approach to improving education and learning in neuroradiology; New cases and literature review

Pareidolia is a psychological phenomenon including the simulation of images and sounds which it is somewhat beneficial for the physician in diagnostic strategies. Radiology is one of the important training courses for many students, especially medical students and resident doctors. Due to the brain, neck and cervical spine is crucial for learning as well as disorders and histo-pathological finding in this area are very similar, therefore, a diagnostic system with specific criteria for each type of pathologic signs is essential for learning and training. The mental illusions and pareidolia is one of the key strategies in the diagnosis of various diseases and likened to an object, animal or anything tangible. For radiologist and neurologist in addition to having, proper knowledge of the theoretical and academic information should also be a good artist because they will be able to diagnose diseases of the brain, neck and cervical spine. Pareidolia are a useful method of recognizing clinical and radiologic patterns that aid in the memorization and im-prove general diagnostic skills. Therefore, main purpose of pareidolia in radiology and medical imaging is establishment and foundation of universal diagnostic sign for faster and most correct diseases differentiation especially the brain, neck and cervical spine

The combination of letrozole and metformin has a better therapeutic effect on uterine and ovarian arteries in PCOS patients

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalence endocrine disorder in the reproductive age of women. In these patients, medications such as clomiphene citrate, letrozole and metformin are used to induce ovulation and overcome infertility.AimsThis study was done for comparing the findings of Color Doppler sonography of the uterine and ovarian arteries in women with PCOS under treatment of two drug groups of letrozole-metformin and clomiphene-metformin.Methods Intervention-applied study was performed on 108 women with secondary infertility due to PCOS in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah in 2016. Women were divided in two groups of 54 people, for investigating the effect of letrozole-metformin and clomiphene-metformin on ovarian and uterine arteries.Results Blood flow in the uterus and ovaries significantly increased after treatment with letrozole-metformin and clomiphene-metformin (P < 0.05). However, the effect of letrozole-metformin was significantly higher than that of clomiphene-metformin on uterine and ovarian arteries Resistance Index (RI) (P < 0.05).ConclusionLetrozole-metformin as well as clomiphene-metformin have a significant effect on blood flow in the uterus and ovaries. The group which received letrozole-metformin had a better response in this regard

The effect of maternal position on foetal middle cerebral to umbilical artery resistance index ratio

BackgroundFoetal distress is the distress of the foetus prior to or during labour and is used to describe foetal hypoxia. AimsAs exact determination of foetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) to umbilical artery resistance index (RI) ratio has important role in the diagnosis of foetal distress, any factor that can alter this ratio can affect diagnosis of foetal distress. Therefore, we decided to investigate the role of maternal position and its effect on foetal MCA/umbilical artery RI ratio.Methods In this quasi-experimental study, a total of 27 pregnant mothers who aged 17 to 43 years and gestational age range of 26 to 39 weeks were studied by colour Doppler ultrasound. RI of the MCA and umbilical artery was measured at three positions, namely supine, right lateral decubitus, and left lateral decubitus positions.Results There was no significant difference regarding MCA/umbilical artery RI ratio between supine and right lateral decubitus (P=0.48), right and left lateral decubitus (P=0.67), and supine vs. left lateral decubitus (P=0.39). Likewise, no difference was seen regarding MCA/umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) between supine and right lateral decubitus (P=0.20), right and left lateral decubitus (P=0.35), and supine vs. left lateral decubitus (P=0.80).ConclusionMaternal position did not have significant effect on MCA/umbilical artery RI ratio

Comparisons of Voxel-Based Morphometric Brain Volumes of Individuals with Methamphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Controls

Several psychological and neurological pathways are described to explain the emergence and maintenance of psychiatric disorders, and changes in brain volumes and brain activity are observed as correlates of psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we investigated if and to what extent specific voxel-based morphometric brain volume differences could be observed among individuals with methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MAIP) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) compared to healthy controls.; A total of 69 individuals took part in the present study. Of those, 26 were diagnosed with MAIP, 23 with SSD, and 20 were healthy controls. After a thorough psychiatric assessment, participants underwent brain volume measurement.; Compared to healthy controls, participants with MAIP had smaller volumes for left caudate and left and right parahippocampal gyrus. Compared to healthy controls, participants with SSD had smaller volumes for the gray and white matter, left amygdala, left hippocampus, left parahippocampal gyrus, left putamen, and the total volume. Compared to individuals with MAIP, individuals with SSD had a lower white matter brain volume.; The pattern of results suggests that individuals with MAIP and SSD showed specific and regional brain atrophies on the left hemisphere, always compared to healthy controls. Given the cross-sectional design, it remains undisclosed if specific and regional brain atrophies were the cause or the consequence of the psychiatric issues