Guía Metodológica para Diseño de Enlaces Inalámbricos para Zonas Rurales del Departamento del Cauca

La UNAD en su misión propende por la inclusión de los estudiantes que habitan en zonas rurales, establece contacto permanente con los gobiernos locales, para el caso del Cauca con comunidades de Sotará y Puracé, en estas localidades se ha identificado el limitante del acceso a internet, adicionalmente debido a la pandemia por COVID-19, esta problemática se ha hecho más notable. Es por eso que el proyecto que se presenta a continuación, pretende dar solución a esas necesidades mediante la investigación y el diseño, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades del estudiante Unadista en cuanto al uso de herramientas (internet, plataformas e-learning, audios, videos, libros de investigación, entre otros) necesarias para realizar sus actividades académicas, por ese motivo, se investigará el espectro disponible, tecnologías, requerimientos de los estudiantes, entre otros aspectos importantes que permitan analizar y diseñar la propuesta que solucione esta necesidad, así mismo contribuir en la línea de investigación y desarrollo de las tecnologías inalámbricas aplicadas a zonas rurales, y aportar el documento de la guía metodológica para diseño de enlaces inalámbricos para zonas rurales.UNAD's mission is to promote the inclusion of students living in rural areas, and establishes permanent contact with local governments, in the case of Cauca with the communities of Sotará and Puracé. In these localities, limited access to the internet has been identified, and due to the covid-19 pandemic, this problem has become more acute or more noticeable. That is why the project presented below, aims to provide a solution to these needs through research and design, taking into account the needs of Unadista students in terms of the use of tools (internet, e-learning platforms, audio, video, research books, among others) necessary to carry out their academic activities, for that reason, the available spectrum, technologies will be investigated, For this reason, we will investigate the available spectrum, technologies, requirements of Unadista students, among other important aspects that will allow us to analyse and design the proposal that solves this need, as well as contribute to the lines of research and development of wireless technologies applied to rural areas, and contribute the document of the methodological guide for the design and implementation of wireless links for rural areas

Creación de marca confecciones TEMPRA

77 páginas : ilustraciones, gráficos, fotografíasEI presente trabajo de grado es el resultado académico del desarrollo de la creación de un plan de marketing creado para Confecciones TEMPRA una empresa pyme ubicada en la ciudad de Medellín. La construcción del plan de marketing, dio respuesta a la problemática de la empresa la cual ha crecido de manera significativa sin contar con ninguna herramienta de mercadeo. El trabajo evidencia como respuesta dos planteamientos, el primero la creación de marca para Confecciones TEMPRA una empresa maquiladora con más de 14 años de experiencia en el sector textil, y el segundo construir una estructura de mercadeo para la empresa en la cual se creó un plan de mejoramiento y acondicionamiento a las funciones del nuevo departamento de mercadeoEspecialista en Gerencia de MercadeoEspecializació

Laboratorios de logística internacional como modelo de competitividad aplicado en las universidades de Colombia

En los últimos diez años se ha venido incrementando el número de universidades que cuentan con programas académicos relacionados con los negocios internacionales o el comercio exterior, esto debido a las necesidades que han surgido en el mercado laboral producto de la globalización. Asimismo, estos programas académicos se han consolidado y optimizado con los años, ya que estas mismas necesidades del mercado laboral llevan a nuevos y mejores conocimientos en el ámbito de los Negocios Internacionales, exigiendo mayor preparación, formación y aplicación de conocimiento en los futuros profesionales que tendrán a cargo actividades y responsabilidades en el área de comercio exterior de empresas nacionales e internacionales. Sin embargo, existe una prioridad en la formación de los negociadores internacionales y es el hecho de ser fundamentalmente operativos, lo que da lugar a procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje basados en la aplicación y desarrollo de casos reales que le permitan al estudiante entrar en contacto con ciertas situaciones que puede experimentar en su mundo laboral real. Es precisamente allí donde asignaturas como Logística de la Distribución Física Internacional requieren de un espacio físico en el que se puedan aplicar y/o desarrollar los conocimientos e investigaciones adquiridas en las aulas, por lo cual se resalta la importancia de los laboratorios de logística internacional como apoyo al modelo pedagógico de cada institución de educación superior en esta área

The contribution of microbial mats to the arsenic geochemistry of an ancient gold mine

The ancient Zloty Stok (SW Poland) gold mine is such an environment, where different microbial communities, able to utilize inorganic arsenic species As(III) and As(V), are found. The purpose of the present study was to (i) estimate the general diversity of microbial mats in bottom sediments of this gold mine, (ii) identify microorganisms that can metabolize arsenic, and (iii) estimate their potential role in the arsenic geochemistry of the mine and in the environment. The oxidation/reduction experiments showed that the microbial mat community may significantly contribute to arsenic contamination in groundwater. The presence of both arsenite oxidizing and dissimilatory arsenate reducing bacteria in the mat was confirmed by the detection of arsenite oxidase and dissimilatory arsenate reductase genes, respectively. This work also demonstrated that microorganisms utilizing other compounds that naturally co-occur with arsenic are present within the microbial mat community and may contribute to the arsenic geochemistry in the environment

Pooled sample-based GWAS: a cost-effective alternative for identifying colorectal and prostate cancer risk variants in the Polish population.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are the most commonly diagnosed cancers and cancer-related causes of death in Poland. To date, numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with susceptibility to both cancer types have been identified, but their effect on disease risk may differ among populations. METHODS: To identify new SNPs associated with PCa and CRC in the Polish population, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using DNA sample pools on Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP 6.0 arrays. A total of 135 PCa patients and 270 healthy men (PCa sub-study) and 525 patients with adenoma (AD), 630 patients with CRC and 690 controls (AD/CRC sub-study) were included in the analysis. Allele frequency distributions were compared with t-tests and χ(2)-tests. Only those significantly associated SNPs with a proxy SNP (p<0.001; distance of 100 kb; r(2)>0.7) were selected. GWAS marker selection was conducted using PLINK. The study was replicated using extended cohorts of patients and controls. The association with previously reported PCa and CRC susceptibility variants was also examined. Individual patients were genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. RESULTS: The GWAS selected six and 24 new candidate SNPs associated with PCa and CRC susceptibility, respectively. In the replication study, 17 of these associations were confirmed as significant in additive model of inheritance. Seven of them remained significant after correction for multiple hypothesis testing. Additionally, 17 previously reported risk variants have been identified, five of which remained significant after correction. CONCLUSION: Pooled-DNA GWAS enabled the identification of new susceptibility loci for CRC in the Polish population. Previously reported CRC and PCa predisposition variants were also identified, validating the global nature of their associations. Further independent replication studies are required to confirm significance of the newly uncovered candidate susceptibility loci

The literature-selected SNPs significant associations with AD, CRC or PCa, considering allelic and additive models.

<p>Bold denotes significant association (<i>p</i>-value_cor<0.05). MA; minor allele (+) strand, G1 vs. G2; compared groups of cases and controls, respectively, OR; odds ratio, CI; confidence interval, N; control, PCa; prostate cancer, AD; adenoma, CRC; colorectal cancer, F; female, M; male.</p>a<p>^/SNP identifier based on NCBI SNP database;</p>b<p>^/NCBI ID of genes localized in proximity to the SNPs of interest (source: HapMap).</p

Group statistics of the GWAS and the replication study cohorts.

<p>The GWAS validation panel indicates numbers of patients (N) enrolled in the GWAS, after excluding microarrays that did not meet quality control criteria based on the PCA results. The ‘Range’ and ‘Median’ values regard age of cases and controls in respective groups. Both GWAS validation and replication analyses were done using respective individual patient TaqMan® genotyping. The TaqMan® genotyping data was subjected to a quality filtration using the 5% threshold of per-individual maximum genotype missingness (see ‘<i>Statistical analyses – individual genotyping</i>’).</p

Pooled-DNA allelotyping GWAS and technical validation of GWAS selections using individual patient TaqMan genotyping.

<p>Technical validation was performed by individual typing of DNA samples from the same study cohorts used for pooled-DNA GWAS. The allele frequency distribution and χ²-test <i>p</i>-values were taken into account. G1 vs. G2; compared groups of cases and controls, respectively, MA; minor allele (+) strand, F1, F2; frequency of MA in the case and control groups, respectively, OR; odds ratio, CI; confidence interval, N; control, PCa; prostate cancer, AD; adenoma, CRC; colorectal cancer, F; female, M; male.</p>a<p>^/SNP identifier based on NCBI SNP database;</p>b<p>^/SNP identified in two independent comparisons.</p

Meta-analysis of previously reported PCa and CRC associations including replication results from the present study.

a<p>^/SNP identifier based on NCBI SNP database;</p>b<p>^/meta-analysis was done for minor allele (MA).</p