Archaeological Parks Planning for the Purpose of Developing Cultural Tourism in Different Communities: A Case Study in Ancient Area of Burnt City of Sistan

Today, cultural attractions in countries are popularizing the cultural tourism and can bring about new approaches in recognition, development, and stability for the countries. Archaeological Parks as a cultural tourist attraction is a new topic to exhibit the ancient ruins in the context of nature, environment, and their surrounding perspective. The current study with the assumption that the use of tools and attractions such as the archaeological parks are key factor in the development of tourism industry, particularly cultural tourism, is trying to focus on the investigation of archaeological park and offering proper programs for the establishment and construction of these parks.  Ancient civilization of Burnt City of Sistan in the South East of Iran owed its existence to Helmand River which was full of water and its Delta in the fourth and third millennium BC, and indicates the interaction between history and nature in this country over years. But, unfortunately, no proper plans have been provided to introduce this ancient civilization yet. Accordingly, the required data were collected by using analytical research method and applying attributional procedures and field measuring and the potentials of the environment, tourism, and its archaeological sites were analyzed. The results show that the natural- ancient perspective of Burnt City of Sistan according to the terrain features and its historical potentials as a precious cultural symbol can play a key role to develop cultural tourism in the region and to identify important aspects of the ancient civilization in southeastern plateau of Iran. The results of the research lead to solutions and a model to establish an archaeological park in order to achieve the objectives in the region

Archaeological Parks Planning for the Purpose of Developing Cultural Tourism in Different Communities: A Case Study in Ancient Area of Burnt City of Sistan

Today, cultural attractions in countries are popularizing the cultural tourism and can bring about new approaches in recognition, development, and stability for the countries. Archaeological Parks as a cultural tourist attraction is a new topic to exhibit the ancient ruins in the context of nature, environment, and their surrounding perspective. The current study with the assumption that the use of tools and attractions such as the archaeological parks are key factor in the development of tourism industry, particularly cultural tourism, is trying to focus on the investigation of archaeological park and offering proper programs for the establishment and construction of these parks.  Ancient civilization of Burnt City of Sistan in the South East of Iran owed its existence to Helmand River which was full of water and its Delta in the fourth and third millennium BC, and indicates the interaction between history and nature in this country over years. But, unfortunately, no proper plans have been provided to introduce this ancient civilization yet. Accordingly, the required data were collected by using analytical research method and applying attributional procedures and field measuring and the potentials of the environment, tourism, and its archaeological sites were analyzed. The results show that the natural- ancient perspective of Burnt City of Sistan according to the terrain features and its historical potentials as a precious cultural symbol can play a key role to develop cultural tourism in the region and to identify important aspects of the ancient civilization in southeastern plateau of Iran. The results of the research lead to solutions and a model to establish an archaeological park in order to achieve the objectives in the region

Optimization, Characterization, and Investigation of Antibacterial Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Aqueous Extract of Seidlitzia rosmarinus

Background and Objectives: The advantages of biological methods are Low cost, non-toxicity, production of high purity nanoparticles, low time-consuming, and completeness reation time. In the present study, biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Seidlitzia rosmarinus and thier antimicrobial activity, were investigated. Methods: In this study, after preparing the extract, 2 ml of it was added to 4 ml of HAuCl4.3H2O with concentration of 1mM, and the color of solution immediately changed to purple. The parameters affecting the synthesis of nanoparticles [such as pH of reaction medium, extract volume, concentration of gold (III) salt, temperature, and reaction time], were assessed and optimized using UV-vis spectrophotometry. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to characterize the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against four species of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium), were assessed by agar well diffusion method. Results: Gold nanoparticles showed the maximum absorbance at 544 nm. It was found that the nanoparticles have spherical shape and their average size was 10-18 nm. Also, the results of antibacterial activities showed that the synthesizied nanoparticles had relatively high antibacterial activity. Conclusion: In the current study, the aqueous extract of Seidlitzia rosmarinus due to its seccondary components and antioxidant activity, has high potential in reduction of gold metal ions as well as synthesis and stabilization of gold nanoparticles, and these synthesized gold nanoparticles were also relatively high antibactrial activity