P Wave Dispersion is Increased in Pulmonary Stenosis

Aim: The right atrium pressure load is increased in pulmonary stenosis (PS) that is a congenital anomaly and this changes the electrophysiological characteristics of the atria. However, there is not enough data on the issue of P wave dispersion (PWD) in PS. Methods: Forty- two patients diagnosed as having valvular PS with echocardiography and 33 completely healthy individuals as the control group were included in the study. P wave duration, p wave maximum (p max) and p minimum (p min) were calculated from resting electrocariography (ECG) obtained at the rate of 50 mm/sec. P wave dispersion was derived by subtracting p min from p max. The mean pressure gradient (MPG) at the pulmonary valve, structure of the valve and diameters of the right and left atria were measured with echocardiography. The data from two groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test and correlation analysis was performed with the Pearson correlation technique. Results: There wasn’t any statistically significance in the comparison of age, left atrial diameter and p min between two groups. While the MPG at the pulmonary valve was 43.11 ± 18.8 mmHg in PS patients, it was 8.4 ± 4.5 mmHg in the control group. While p max was 107.1 ± 11.5 in PS group, it was 98.2 ± 5.1 in control group (p=0.01), PWD was 40.4 ± 1.2 in PS group, and 27.2 ± 9.3 in the control group (p=0.01)Moreover, while the diameter of the right atrium in PS group was greater than that of the control group, (38.7 ± 3.9 vs 30.2 ± 2.5, p=0.02). We detected a correlation between PWD and pressure gradient in regression analysis. Conclusion: P wave dispersion and p max are increased in PS. While PWD was correlated with the pressure gradient that is the degree of narrowing, it was not correlated with the diameters of the right and left atria

Genomic and transcriptomic analyses distinguish classic Rett and Rett-like syndrome and reveals shared altered pathways

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by derangements in nervous system especially in cognition and behavior. The present study aims to understand the molecular underpinnings of two subtypes of RTT, classic RTT and Rett-like, and to elucidate common pathways giving rise to common RTT phenotype using genomic and transcriptomic approaches. Mutation screening on selected nuclear genes revealed only MECP2 mutations in a subset of classic RTT patients. MLPA assays and mtDNA screenings were all negative. Genome-wide copy number analysis indicated a novel duplication on X chromosome. Transcriptional profiling revealed blood gene signatures that clearly distinguish classic RTT and RTT-like patients, as well as shared altered pathways in interleukin-4 and NF-κB signaling pathways in both subtypes of the syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first report on investigating common regulatory mechanisms/signaling pathways that may be relevant to the pathobiology of the “common RTT” phenotype

Burned-out testis tumour that metastasized to retroperitoneal lymph nodes: a case report

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Contemporary screening in pregnancy

Screening tests and genetic ultrasonography have great importance in pregnancy management and follow-up. First-trimester screening, second trimester screening and genetic ultrasonography have widespread use globally. Although, some obstetricians still insist on using the second trimester screening as a first line choice, first-trimester screening with ultrasound including nuchal thickness, nasal bone, tricuspid regurgitation, ductus venosus blood flow and biochemical tests are getting more pronounced rather than the second trimester screening test in the upcoming literature. In this paper, we have aimed to review the new approaches and current screening methods in pregnancy

Organic geochemical characterization of Early-Mid-Holocene swamp deposits near the Neolithic settlement in Yenikapi-Istanbul: Assessment of environmental variability and anthropogenic impacts

During the archaeological excavations in the Byzantine Theodosian harbor (Istanbul) a Holocene dark gray to black clay sequence was uncovered. This clay unit was deposited under anoxic conditions in a small swamp. Both wooden artifacts from the Neolithic period, but also dispersed organic matter were perfectly preserved within this sequence. The aim of this study was the assessment of environmental changes and anthropogenic impacts with the help of organic geochemical and isotopic characterization of organic matter in this clay unit. The age model, based on C-14 data, showed that the clay was deposited during a period about from 11,100 to 7500 cal. years BP. Hydrogen Index values lower than 100 mgHC/gTOC, n-alkane distributions with maxima at nC(29) or at nC(31), a predominance of long-chain n-alkanes (C-25-C-33) and delta C-13(org) values around -24 parts per thousand to -27 parts per thousand suggest a predominantly terrestrial origin of organic matter from C-3 plants. Obvious excursions of bulk delta C-13(org) and compound-specific delta C-13 and delta D values of nC(27), nC(29), nC(31), and nC(33) are interpreted as indicators of changes in environmental and climatic conditions. Several shifts toward colder and warmer climatic conditions were identified and dated. Furthermore, two sudden changes in the hydrological regime were dated to 9000-8820 cal. years BP and to 8150-8050 cal. years BP toward wetter and drier conditions, respectively. Specific molecular organic geochemical indicators such as faecal sterols or a strong enrichment of delta N-15 caused by human impact could not be detected. Therefore, the swamp should not have been intensively affected by Neolithic people and/or respective indicators of their influence have been diluted due to the high sedimentation rate