Short-Communication: Ingestion of a Nucleotide-Rich Mixed Meal Increases Serum Uric Acid Concentrations but Does Not Affect Postprandial Blood Glucose or Serum Insulin Responses in Young Adults

Circulating uric acid concentrations have been linked to various metabolic diseases. Consumption of large boluses of nucleotides increases serum uric acid concentrations. We investigated the effect of a nucleotide-rich mixed meal on postprandial circulating uric acid, glucose, and insulin responses. Ten healthy adults participated in a randomised, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial in which they consumed a mixed-meal containing either nucleotide-depleted mycoprotein (L-NU) or high-nucleotide mycoprotein (H-NU) on two separate visits. Blood samples were collected in the postabsorptive state and throughout a 24 h postprandial period, and were used to determine circulating uric acid, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Mixed meal ingestion had divergent effects on serum uric acid concentrations across conditions (time x condition interaction; P < 0.001), with L-NU decreasing transiently (from 45 to 240 min postprandially) by ~7% (from 279 ± 16 to 257 ± 14 µmol·L -1) and H-NU resulting in a ~12% increase (from 284 ± 13 to 319 ± 12 µmol·L -1 after 210 min), remaining elevated for 12 h and returning to baseline concentrations after 24 h. There were no differences between conditions in blood glucose or serum insulin responses, nor in indices of insulin sensitivity. The ingestion of a nucleotide-rich mixed-meal increases serum uric acid concentrations for ~12 h, but does not influence postprandial blood glucose or serum insulin concentrations

High pressure phase behavior of the binary system (ethyl lactate + carbon dioxide)

In this work the phase behavior of the binary system (ethyl lactate + CO2) was studied in the pressure range 0.4–17 MPa and at temperatures of 313.2, 333.2, 353.2, 373.2 and 393.2 K. Experiments were performed using the static synthetic method in a high pressure variable–volume view cell. Equilibrium data were correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state combined with the Mathias–Klotz–Prausnitz mixing rule. Additionally, density-based correlations, namely Chrastil's and Fornari's equations were used in order to correlate solubilities in both liquid and vapor phases

(Ethyl lactate)-gel high pressure CO2 extraction for the processing of mesoporous gelatine particles

(Ethyl lactate)-gel high pressure CO2 extraction was successfully used as final step for mesoporous gelatine particles preparation. Gelatine spherical microparticles were produced by the water in oil (W/O) emulsion method and further cross-linked with vanillin, to increase its biodegradation resistance. A multi-step solvent exchange of water by ethyl lactate was performed and the gel particles were dried using a semi-continuous high pressure CO2 extraction process. Ethyl lactate was used in this work as an alternative solvent due to high affinity to CO2 and its benign and green nature. The effect of different parameters, such as solvent exchange temperature and the CO2 extraction operating conditions were investigated. The (CO2 + ethyl lactate) binary mixture composition at the beginning of supercritical extraction process has proven to be an important parameter, considerably influencing textural properties of final dried microspheres. Surface areas of 10 to 300 cm2 g−1 and pore diameters from 10 to 17 nm were obtained as the quantity of CO2 in the mixture decreased. (Ethyl lactate)-gel high pressure CO2 drying revealed to be a feasible alternative, enabling a “supercritical-control” approach of gelatine microspheres textural properties

Styrene carbonate synthesis from CO2 using tetrabutylammonium bromide as a non-supported heterogeneous catalyst phase

The production of cyclic styrene carbonate from CO2 cycloaddition to styrene oxide, using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) as catalyst, was investigated. Two different reaction systems, a CO2-rich and an epoxide-rich were studied. Reactions were performed in a visual high pressure cell, at different temperatures (313.2, 333.2, and 353.2 K) and pressures (0.5-18 MPa). High pressure phase behaviour manipulation of the reaction system was explored to shift catalysis from homogeneous to heterogeneous, by changing operation conditions. Styrene carbonate formation was monitored quantitatively by using 1H-NMR spectroscopy

High dietary nucleotide consumption for one week increases circulating uric acid concentrations but does not compromise metabolic health: a randomised controlled trial

Background & Aims Elevated circulating uric acid concentrations have been linked to various cardio-metabolic diseases. Bolus consumption of a nucleotide-rich dietary protein source increases postprandial serum uric acid concentrations. We assessed the impact of twice-daily nucleotide-rich mixed-meal consumption for one week on postabsorptive serum uric acid concentrations, insulin sensitivity (IS), glycaemic control and the plasma lipidome. Methods Twenty healthy adults participated in a randomised, controlled, parallel-group trial in which they consumed a 7 d fully-controlled eucaloric diet where lunch and dinner contained either nucleotide-depleted (LOW) or high-nucleotide (HIGH) mycoprotein. Postabsorptive blood samples were obtained pre, throughout and post-intervention, and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed pre- and post-intervention. Daily waking urine samples and 24h continuous blood glucose measurements were collected throughout. Results Postabsorptive serum uric acid concentrations remained unchanged in LOW but increased throughout the intervention week in HIGH (from 295±17 to 472±29 μmol.L-1 by day 6;

Solubility and phase behaviour of binary systems containing salts based on transitional metals

Tri(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) gadolinium hexachloride ([emim]3[GdCl6]), tri(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) hexagadolinium chloride ([bmim]3[GdCl6]), di(tetramethylammonium) manganese tetrachloride ([TMA]2[MnCl4]) and cholinium tetrachloroferrate ([Chol][FeCl4]) were synthetized and their solubility in water, ethanol, 1-propanol and 1-butanol were determined as a funcion of temperature. Activity coefficients were calculated and their comparison with ideal solutions were discussed. The experimental data were correlated successfully by means of the semi-empirical Grant equation. In addition, melting point depression effect of high pressure carbon dioxide was studied