Melittophily and Ornithophily of Long-tubed Flowers in Zingiberaceae and Gesneriaceae in West Sumatra

Pollination of seven zingiberaceous and two gesneriaceous species was studied in natural forests at various altitudes in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Terrestrial, red, long-tubed flowers of Achasma macrocheilos were visited by a large, remarkably long-tongued anthophorine bee, Amegilla elephas. The swiftly-flying bees showed traplining foraging behavior just like euglossine bees in the Neotropics. This bee species was oligolectic to the plant species and almost the only pollinator of it. Yellow (rarely white), long-tubed flowers of Zingiber puberulum, Grobba aurantiaca, Amomum aculeatum and Cyrtandra pendula were pollinated by median-sized, shade-loving, traplining, long-tongued anthophorine bees in the genera Amegilla and Elaphropoda. White, short-tubed flowers of Amomum uliginosum and Cyrtandra aff. grandiflora were pollinated by traplining halictid bees in the genus Nomia. Long-tubed flowers borne on red stout spikes of Hornstedtia aff. conica and Phaeomeriafulgens were pollinated by a long-billed sunbird, Arachnothera longirostra. These ornithophilous flowers produced significantly more nectar of lower sugar concentration than the melittophilous flowers. According to the proboscis lengths, long-tongued bees were classified into three groups, which corresponded to the three pollination guilds of the melittophilous flowers. Among species in a bee guild, convergence of proboscis lengths was detected, and the floral hosts of the bee species were sometimes overlapping. Twenty-five percent of melittophilous species were visited by more than one bee species, but nonetheless most individual plants were visited by only a single bee species. At higher altitudes more than 1400 m, anthophorine bees were displaced by bumblebees and the guild structure of longtongued bees was simpler than at lower altitudes.ArticleTropics. 2(3): 129-142(1993)journal articl

アジア熱帯雨林における真社会性ハナバチによる花資源分割の群集生態学的研究

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第7176号理博第1950号新制||理||1049(附属図書館)UT51-98-G105京都大学大学院理学研究科動物学専攻(主査)教授 山村 則男, 教授 堀 道雄, 教授 湯本 貴和学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Keys for the Pollen of Ashiu, Central Japan

The keys for the pollen flora of the research forest of Kyoto University in Ashiu, Kyoto, Central Japan are provided with information on the flowering season. Of 123 families 793 species distributed in the area, 550 species of all the families are treated in the keys. The pollen morphology of 248 species are described in detail on the basis of the materials collected from Ashiu or near places

Foraging activity and pollen diets of subterranean stingless bee colonies in response to general flowering in Sarawak, Malaysia

General flowering is a type of supra-annual mast flowering at community level in Southeast Asia, which occurred in 1996 after a four-year interval in northern Sarawak, Malaysia. To examine foraging responses to general flowering, foraging activity and pollen diets of subterranean stingless bee (Trigona spp.) colonies were compared over 3 periods in 1994 and 1996. Among variables of foraging activity (frequency of forager returns, proportions of nectar and pollen foragers), only the frequency of forager returns was significantly higher in 1996 than in 1994. The proportion of nectar foragers differed significantly among periods within a year. Among variables of pollen diet breadth (pollen type richness, diversity and evenness indices), none differed significantly between years or among periods. Pollen diet similarity between colonies did not differ significantly between years, although it differed among periods

Nest density, genetic structure, and triploid workers in exotic Bombus terrestris populations colonized Japan

A commercialized pollinator introduced from Europe, Bombus terrestris, has colonized Japan. We investigated nest density and genetic structure in two sites based on worker genotypes at 12 microsatellite loci. We confirmed that five workers were triploids using multilocus genotypes and flow cytometry, indicating that queens mated with diploid males and produced triploid workers. The inbreeding coefficient of diploid workers representing individual colonies was significantly positive ($F$$_{\rm IS}$ = 0.048) in a site where triploids were found. Genetic diversity in the sites was as high as that in native regions in Europe, and genetic differentiation between the sites was low ($F$$_{\rm ST}$ = 0.006). The maximum distance between sampling locations of full-sib worker pairs indicated that the radius of a foraging range was at least 782 m. The estimates of nest density were 31 and 89 km$^{-2}$ in the two sites, suggesting that the nest density in a colonized region can be higher than that in the native regions

Beetle pollination of Vatica parvifolia (Dipterocarpaceae) in Sarawak, Malaysia

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Provenance variations in stem productivity of 30-year-old Japanese larch trees planted in northern and central Japan are associated with climatic conditions in the provenances

<p>An association between provenance variations in growth performance of the Japanese larch (<i>Larix kaempferi</i>) and climatic conditions in the provenances has been found in the natural distributional range in central Japan. To verify whether this association differs in northern Japan, outside of the original habitats, we examined stem productivity of 30-year-old trees planted in three test sites in the Nagano Prefecture in central Japan and three test sites in the Hokkaido Prefecture in northern Japan. The trees originated from 25 provenances throughout the whole range of the natural distribution. Stem-productivity variances of interactions between the test sites and provenances were relatively small. Provenance correlations in the stem productivity among most of the tests sites were positive. Climatic conditions in the provenances and test sites were summarized as two indices: a gradient of warmth and drought (higher temperature and less precipitation at lower elevations) and a cline of climatic seasonality (from the northwestern to southeastern sides of the Japanese mainland, with decreasing and increasing seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation, respectively). The maximum stem productivity among the provenances was frequently observed at both extremities of the warmth/drought gradient and on the southeastern side of the climate-seasonality cline. These associations were detected in test sites in both central and northern Japan. These findings suggest similar provenance variations in growth performance of the Japanese larch among different growing environments in Japan.</p

Data from: Impact of negative frequency-dependent selection on mating pattern and genetic structure: a comparative analysis of the S-locus and nuclear SSR loci in Prunus lannesiana var. speciosa

Mating processes of local demes and spatial genetic structure of island populations at the self-incompatibility (S-) locus under negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS) were evaluated in Prunus lannesiana var. speciosa in comparison with nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci that seemed to be evolutionarily neutral. Our observations of local mating patterns indicated that male-female pair fecundity was influenced by not only self-incompatibility, but also various factors such as kinship, pollen production and flowering synchrony. In spite of the mating bias caused by these factors, the NFDS effect on changes in allele frequencies from potential mates to mating pollen was detected at the S-locus but not at the SSR loci although the changes from adult to juvenile cohorts were not apparent at any loci. Genetic differentiation and isolation-by-distance over various spatial scales were smaller at the S-locus than at the SSR loci, as expected under the NFDS. All ele sharing distributions among the populations also had a unimodal pattern at the S-locus, indicating the NFDS effect except for alleles unique to individual populations probably due to isolation among islands, although this pattern was not exhibited by the SSR loci. Our results suggest that the NFDS at the S-locus has an impact on both the mating patterns and the genetic structure in the P. lannesiana populations studied