The Effects of Employees Empowerment on Organizational Performance: A Case of Hotel Industry in Pakistan

The main objective of the study is to explore the effect of employee’s empowerment on organizational performance. The study results show that employee’s empowerment explained a significant relation with organizational performance also with the mediator variable that is motivation. Convenience sampling is used as the sampling strategy. This survey is based on questionnaire and data is collected from 150 managers of Hotel sector organizations located in Faisalabad. To analyses the data, SPSS version 23.0 is used. To check the relationship between the variables correlation analysis is used and to checks the effect between variables linear regression analysis is used. Thus, all the hypotheses showed significant results. Keywords: Employees empowerment, Motivation, Organizational performanc

The Effect of Learning Organization Environment and Innovative Work Behavior Under the Moderation Role of Employee Engagement in Public Sector Organization

The main objective of the study is to explore the impact of learning organization environment on innovative work behavior. The study results show that learning organization environment explained a significant relation with innovative work behavior also with the mediator variable that is employee engagement. Convenience sampling is used as the sampling strategy. This survey is based on questionnaire and data is collected from 140 managers of Public sector organizations located in Faisalabad. To analyses the data, SPSS version 23.0 is used. To check the relationship between the variables correlation analysis is used and to checks the effect between variables linear regression analysis is used. Thus, all the hypotheses showed significant results. Keywords: Learning Organization environment, innovative work behavior, employee engagemen

Review of morphological, optical and structural characteristics of TiO2 thin film prepared by sol gel spin-coating technique

Optical, structural and morphological properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) deposited by spin coating method have been reviewed in the current work. Sol–gel spin coating is a cost effective and versatile technique due to intellectual properties like simple instruments, easy preparation technique, and less time consuming. In this method, compound in the form of metal oxides is liquefied in a specific liquid in order to bring it back as a solid in a skillful manner. Study of metal oxide thin films have valuable applications in numerous semiconductor devices such as optoelectronics devices and solar energy converters etc. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has been used for studying TiO2 thin films and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has been applied for morphological investigation and to prove the nanosized structure. Optical and structural properties have been studied as a function of the annealing temperatures. XRD analysis reveals that the films crystallize in orthorhombic brookite phase. Moreover, UV-visible has been used to investigate the optical properties of material. XRD characterization indicates that crystalline structure of TiO2 thin films improves with increasing annealing temperatures which confirms the anatase form of TiO2 thin film. Optical band gap is significantly dependent on the annealing temperatures. The refractive index may increases with increase of crystallite size. The TiO2 film annealed at 400 °C shows high refractive index 2.52 at a wavelength of 335 nm. Moreover, optical band gapes of thin film vary approximately from 3.3 to 3.46 eV which show strong relation with annealing temperature

Methyl 4-{[(4-methyl­phen­yl)sulfon­yl]amino}­benzoate

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C15H15NO4S, the dihedral angle between the two rings is 88.05 (7)°. The methyl ester group is nearly coplanar with the adjacent ring [dihedral angle = 2.81 (10)°], whereas it is oriented at 86.90 (9)° with respect to the plane of the ring attached to the –SO2– group. Weak intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding completes S(5) and S(6) ring motifs. The mol­ecules form one-dimensional polymeric C(8) chains along the [010] direction due to N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and these chains are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network

4-Methyl-N-{4-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)sulfamo­yl]phen­yl}benzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C17H17N3O5S2, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 81.27 (8)° and the heterocyclic ring is oriented at 9.1 (2) and 76.01 (9)° with respect to these rings. Mol­ecules are connected via N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating an R 2 2(8) motif, into chains running along the [001] direction. There is also an intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond completing an S(6) ring motif. The polymeric chains are inter­linked through inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Um ensaio sobre o tamanho ideal do governo: um estudo de caso do Paquistão

Pakistan is a developing country and faces the problem of the fiscal deficit since government expenditures are higher than revenues. In this situation the government has to raise loans to cover this deficit and the burden of loans and debt service is increasing significantly. Additionally, most of the budget has gone to service the debt. Under these circumstances, this study is an attempt to find the optimal size of the government and compare it with the actual size of the government. To calculate the optimal threshold level of government spending, the methodology used by Heerden (2008) for Pakistan is adopted. Finally, this study provides a guide for policymakers, either to reduce or increase the size of governme.Pakistán es un país en desarrollo y enfrenta el problema del déficit fiscal dado que los gastos del gobierno son más altos que los ingresos. Ante dicha situacion el gobierno tiene que levantar préstamos para cubrir este déficit y la carga de los préstamos y el servicio de la deuda está aumentando significativamente. Adicionalmente la mayor parte del presupuesto se ha ido para el servicio de la deuda. Bajo estas circunstancias, este estudio es un intento de encontrar el tamaño óptimo del gobierno y compararlo con el tamaño real del gobierno. Para calcular el nivel umbral óptimo de gasto gubernamental, se adopta la metodología utilizada por Heerden (2008) para Pakistán. Por último, este estudio proporciona una guía para los responsables de la formulación de políticas, ya sea para reducir o aumentar el tamaño del gobierno.O Paquistão é um país em desenvolvimento e enfrenta o problema do déficit fiscal, já que os gastos do governo são mais altos do que as receitas. Nesta situação, o governo tem de contrair empréstimos para cobrir esse déficit, e o ônus dos empréstimos e do serviço da dívida está aumentando significativamente. Além disso, a maior parte do orçamento foi para o serviço da dívida. Sob essas circunstâncias, este estudo é uma tentativa de encontrar o tamanho ideal do governo e compará-lo com o tamanho real do governo. Para calcular o nível ideal de limiar de gastos do governo, a metodologia usada por Heerden (2008) para o Paquistão é adotada. Finalmente, este estudo fornece um guia para os formuladores de políticas, seja para reduzir ou aumentar o tamanho do governo

N-(2-Meth­oxy­phen­yl)-4-methyl­benzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C14H15NO3S, the geometry around the S atom of the SO2 group is distorted tetra­hedral. The meth­oxy- and methyl-substituted aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 71.39 (9)°. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form inversion dimers, which stabilize the crystal structure

(1E,4E)-1,5-Bis(4-methyl­phen­yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one

The title compound, C19H18O, crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric space group although the mol­ecule has no chiral centre. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 20.43 (13)°. The structure is stabilized by two intra­molecular hydrogen bonds, and by four π–π and three C—H⋯π inter­actions between the aromatic rings. The perpendicular distances between the centroids of the rings involved in the π–π inter­actions have values of 1.996, 2.061, 2.181 and 2.189 Å

6-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-2,1-benzothia­zin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C9H8BrNO3S, the thia­zine ring is in the twisted form. In the crystal, pairs of inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form inversion dimers with an R 2 2(8) ring motif. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯Br and C—H⋯π inter­actions are also present