ピラネージ画像データベースの再構築 : Opere di Giovanni Battista Piranesiの再公開について

第3回東京大学学術資産アーカイブ化推進室主催セミナー東京大学デジタル万華鏡 ― デジタルアーカイブズ構築事業の成果紹介とこれからの活用を考える ― 日時：2019年11月29日（金）13:30－17:15 場所：東京大学弥生講堂一条ホー

Review Article Diagnostic Imaging of Metastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes

The presence of lymph node metastasis in the neck in patients with cancer of the oral cavity or other head and neck regions is an important prognostic determinant in staging cancers and in planning radiotherapy of the cancer patients. We review recent advances in diagnostic imaging of metastatic lymph nodes in the neck of patients with extracranial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with the main emphasis on diagnostic performances of CT, sonography, and MR imaging

Controlled structure of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles by using organic additives in a microwave process

Synthesis of anatase nanoparticles was carried out in a microwave system. Crystal morphology was controlled by organic additives including PAAc (polyacrylic acid) and PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone). Modified TiO2 particles were compared to the bare TiO2 anatase structure. The synthesis of materials via the microwave system has great advantages due to the short reaction period and low energy requirement and is therefore an environmentally friendly process compared to the hydrothermal process. The decomposition of acetaldehyde was studied to determine the photocatalytic activity of the modified anatase TiO2 material

Effect of chemical etching by sulfuric acid or H2O2–NH3 mixed solution on the photocatalytic activity of rutile TiO2 nanorods

Rutile TiO2 nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal treatment were etched by addition of H2O2–NH3 or H2SO4 solution. The etched rutile TiO2 nanorods were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, and specific surface area measurements. New crystal faces were generated on rutile TiO2 nanorods by means of chemical etching. In the case of treatment with H2O2–NH3 solution, the shape of the rutile TiO2 nanorod changed to a sepal-like structure with reaction time. The dissolution of rutile TiO2 nanorod mainly proceeded along [0 0 1] direction. When treated with sulfuric acid, the end [(1 1 1) face] of the rutile TiO2 nanorod was gradually etched. The rutile TiO2 nanorod finally exposed (0 0 1) and (0 2 1) faces during prolonged treatment time. In both cases, rutile TiO2 nanorods were differently etched. The etched rutile TiO2 nanorod showed higher photocatalytic activity for degradation of toluene in gas phase than the original particles

Locomotive syndrome is associated with body composition and cardiometabolic disorders in elderly Japanese women

The 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale [7]. (DOCX 154 kb

Development of a visible-light-responsive rutile rod by site-selective modification of iron(III) ion on {1 1 1} exposed crystal faces

{1 1 1} exposed crystal faces of shape-controlled rutile titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) were site-selectively modified with trivalent iron(III) (Fe3+) ions by utilizing adsorption property of iron(III)/iron(II) (Fe3+/Fe2+) ions. The rutile TiO2 with site-selective modification of Fe3+ ions showed high photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation as a result of separation of redox sites, i.e., oxidation and reduction proceed over Fe3+ ions on {1 1 1} faces and the bare TiO2 surface on {1 1 0} faces, respectively. Double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopic analyses suggest that the high activity of TiO2 with site-selective modification of Fe3+ ions is attributed to not efficient electron injection from Fe3+ ions but efficient reduction by injected electrons on {1 1 0} faces

The Relationship between Locomotive Syndrome and Depression in Community-Dwelling Elderly People

Locomotive syndrome (LS) is a concept that refers to the condition of people requiring healthcare services because of problems associated with locomotion. Depression is a major psychiatric disease among the elderly, in addition to dementia. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between LS and depression. The study participants were 224 healthy elderly volunteers living in a rural area in Japan. LS was defined as scores ≥ 16 on the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25). Depression was defined as scores ≥ 5 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Height and body weight were measured. The prevalence of LS and depression was 13.9% and 24.2%, respectively. Compared with the non-LS group, the LS group was older, was shorter, had a higher BMI, and had higher GDS-15 scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that participants with GDS-15 scores ≥ 6 had higher odds for LS than those with GDS-15 scores < 6 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.22). Conversely, the depression group had higher GLFS-25 scores than the nondepression group. Participants with GLFS-25 scores ≥ 5 had higher odds for depression than those with GLFS-25 scores < 5 (OR = 4.53). These findings suggest that there is a close relationship between LS and depression

Dependence of Photocatalytic Activity on Aspect Ratio of Shape-Controlled Rutile Titanium(IV) Oxide Nanorods

Shape-controlled rutile titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) nanorods with various aspect ratios were prepared by two-step synthesis in the presence of two kinds of inorganic anions. The first synthesis step from titanium(III) chloride solution induced the formation of aggregated needlelike rutile TiO2, the shape of which largely depended on the inorganic anion used. Moreover, shape-controlled rutile TiO2 rods with {110} side crystal faces and {111} and/or {001} edge crystal faces were obtained by hydrothermal treatment of the needlelike rutile TiO2. Their aspect ratios were largely influenced by the starting material used in the hydrothermal treatment. The photocatalytic activity for decomposition of acetaldehyde increased with decreasing aspect ratio because the surface area ratio of {111} and/or {001} to {110} exposed crystal faces, which are attributed to oxidation and reduction sites respectively, became more optimal

Improvement of visible light responsivity of rutile TiO2 nanorods by site-selective modification of iron(III) ion on newly exposed faces formed by chemical etching treatment

Site-selective modification of trivalent iron(III) (Fe3+) ions was applied to rutile titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) nanorods after chemical etching treatment in order to improve photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. Chemical etching of rutile nanorods with {1 1 0} and {1 1 1} faces using aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or hydrogen (H2O2)–ammonia (NH3) solution exposed {0 0 1} and {1 1 n} (n < 1) faces, respectively. Fe3+-modified rutile nanorods after chemical etching exhibited higher photocatalytic activity for degradation of toluene in gas phase than that before chemical etching. This improvement of photocatalytic activity was attributed to a large amount of site-selectively-modified Fe3+ ions, resulting in an increase in photoabsorption. Moreover, our results indicate that a rutile nanorod with large {0 0 1} and {1 1 0} exposed crystal faces is the most suitable structure for visible light response by site-selective modification of Fe3+ ions

PD-L1 expression is associated with the spontaneous regression of patients with methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders

Background Most patients with methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD) show diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) types. Patients with MTX-LPD often have spontaneous remission after MTX discontinuation, but chemotherapeutic intervention is frequently required in patients with CHL-type MTX-LPD. In this study, we examined whether programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels were associated with the prognosis of MTX-LPD after MTX discontinuation. Methods A total of 72 Japanese patients diagnosed with MTX-LPD were clinicopathologically analyzed, and immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1 was performed in 20 DLBCL-type and 24 CHL-type MTX-LPD cases to compare with the clinical course. Results PD-L1 was expressed in 5.0% (1/20) of patients with DLBCL-type MTX-LPD, whereas it was expressed in 66.7% (16/24) of the patients with CHL-type MTX-LPD in more than 51% of tumor cells. Most CHL-type MTX-LPD patients with high PD-L1 expression required chemotherapy owing to exacerbations or relapses after MTX discontinuation. However, no significant differences in clinicopathologic findings at diagnosis were observed between PD-L1 high- and low-expression CHL-type MTX-LPD. Conclusion PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in patients with CHL-type than DLBCL-type MTX-LPD, suggesting the need for chemotherapy in addition to MTX discontinuation in CHL-type MTX-LPD patients to achieve complete remission. No association was observed between PD-L1 expression levels and clinical findings at diagnosis, suggesting that PD-L1 expression in tumor cells influences the pathogenesis of CHL-type MTX-LPD after MTX discontinuation