Kritik Hukum Islam Atas Sanksi Pidana Pelaku Prostitusi dalam Peraturan Daerah

This article examines the Regional regulations relating to prohibition of prostitution in Indonesia from the perspectives of Indonesian Law and Islamic Criminal Law. As this study reveals, a number of contradiction occurs between Regional Regulations with Criminal Code. Such contradictions can be found in a number of regional regulations prohibiting prostitution, such as : No. 5/2002 of Cirebon Regency; Regulation No. 6/2003 of Medan City; Regulation No. 2 /2004 of Palembang City, Regulation No. 13/2002 of South Sumatra Province, etc. The contradictions include the determination of the authorized officers to handle the matter, the rules in case of erroneous arrest, and the determination of sanctions. The Criminal Code sets aside sanctions for Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) and users of CSWs. It only prohibits of facilitating the immoral acts by other parties.. In Islamic criminal Law, prostitution is considered as a crime whose perpetrators are equated with adulterers sanctioned with stoning or whip

Characterization of silicon nanowire by use of full-vectorial finite element method.

We have carried out a rigorous H-field-based full-vectorial modal analysis and used it to characterize, more accurately, the abrupt dielectric discontinuity of a high index contrast optical waveguide. The full-vectorial H and E fields and the Poynting vector profiles are described in detail. It has been shown through this work that the mode profile of a circular silicon nanowire is not circular and also contains a strong axial field component. The single-mode operation, vector field profiles, modal hybridness, modal ellipticity, and group velocity dispersion of this silicon nanowire are also presented

Spectroscopy of vibrational modes in metal nanoshells

We study the spectrum of vibrational modes in metal nanoparticles with a dielectric core. Vibrational modes are excited by the rapid heating of the particle lattice that takes place after laser excitation, and can be monitored by means of pump-probe spectroscopy as coherent oscillations of transient optical spectra. In nanoshells, the presence of two metal surfaces results in a substantially different energy spectrum of acoustic vibrations than for solid particles. We calculated the energy spectrum as well as the damping of nanoshell vibrational modes. The oscillator strength of fundamental breathing mode is larger than that in solid nanoparticles. At the same time, in very thin nanoshells, the fundamental mode is overdamped due to instantaneous energy transfer to the surrounding medium

Gendered Dimensions of Key Value Chains in Southwestern Morocco

The Morocco Green Plan (MGP) has delivered significant economic benefits to small farm households. A concentration on improving efficiency and profitability within value chains for key local commodities has, through the creation of women’s cooperatives, also led to positive outcomes in female empowerment. Through qualitative and participatory research methods, our analysis of gendered aspects of value chains for argan, rose, cactus, and saffron in southwestern Morocco suggests that economic empowerment, fostered through existing women’s cooperatives, is fragile and subject to significant threats. In large part, this is the result of a state-driven approach that has not effectively considered the inequities inherent within value chains for key local commodities; and the meshing of existing social and cultural norms with the tenets of a national drive toward ‘modernization’ of the agricultural sector. We suggest that the MGP is gender blind in this respect. Couching value chain enhancement initiatives within an innovation systems framework, as opposed to a state-centric process, is more likely to achieve well-being within rural communities, together with sustainable (social and economic) returns within pro-poor value chains

Descriptive Study on Demographic Factors and Performance Strategies among Athletes

The purpose of this research is to investigate the differences in demographic factors and performance strategies among athletes. The demographic factors such as gender, years of study and years of involvement in sports played an important role in the use of performance strategies in determining their performance strategies in sports. The instruments used for this research is Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) to measure the performance strategies. The finding shows that the demographic factors significantly differences on performance strategies. In general the result showed the demographic factors such as; gender at t (21) = 13.75; p < .05; years of study at t (21) = 9.46; p < .05 and years of involvement at t (20) = 11.37; p < .05 with performance strategies. The above results showed that the demographic factors revealed statistically significantly differences with performance strategies. In addition, the demographic factors also showed the significant differences with all sub factors in performance strategies such as goal setting, relaxation, activation, imagery, self talk, attentional control, emotional control and automaticity. The implication of this research is, in sports the demographic factors played an important role in determining their performance strategies. In order to enhance their ability and competency in sports performing they have to be trained in different style according to their age, gender, years of study and years of involvement

Convergence in international business ethics? A comparative study of ethical philosophies, thinking style, and ethical decision-making between US and Korean managers

This study investigates the relationship among ethical philosophy, thinking style, and managerial ethical decision-making. Based on the premise that business ethics is a function of culture and time, we attempt to explore two important questions as to whether the national differences in managerial ethical philosophies remain over time and whether the relationship between thinking style and ethical decision-making is consistent across different national contexts. We conducted a survey on Korean managers’ ethical decision-making and thinking style and made a cross-cultural, cross-temporal comparison with the results presented by previous studies that surveyed Korean and US managers with the same questionnaire at different points in time. Our analysis revealed that Korean managers have become more reliant on rule utilitarianism for ethical decision-making over the last two decades, which is dominantly used by US managers, corroborating our convergence hypothesis built on social contracts theory. However, as opposed to previous research, we found that managers with a balanced linear and nonlinear thinking style do not necessarily make more ethical decisions compared to those with a predominantly linear or nonlinear thinking style. This study contributes to international business ethics literature by presenting a theoretical framework that may explain the convergence of ethical philosophies employed by managers in different national contexts over time, and that the relationship between thinking style and managerial ethical decision-making may not be universal, but contingent on contextual factors