Факторы, способствующие заболеванию щитовидной железы: теоретические основы

IP Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie Nicolae TestemițanuConform numeroaselor studii din ultimii ani, bolile glandei tiroide sunt unele dintre cele întâlnite cel mai frecvent. Dereglarea activității glandei tiroide afectează în mod negativ metabolismul din organism, ceea ce se resimte în activitatea multor sisteme vitale ale întregului organism. Se consideră că lipsa de iod în corpul uman este cauza principală a tuturor bolilor glandei tiroide. Se știe că iodul este implicat în formarea anumitor hormoni necesari pentru funcționarea normală a glandei. Cauzele bolii tiroidiene sunt diferite după natura lor: factori genetici, stres psihologic și emoțional, dietă nesănătoasă, mediu nociv, prezența bolilor cronice, stilul de viață necorespunzător, lipsa de iod în organism. Menținerea unui stil de viață sănătos și respectarea unei alimentații adecvate, precum și eliminarea dei citului de iod din organism vor ajuta la prevenirea apariției bolilor tiroidiene.According to numerous studies in recent years, thyroid disease is one of the most common. Deregulation of thyroid activity affects negatively metabolism in the body, which is reflect in the activity of many vital systems of the whole organism. It is considered the main cause of all thyroid disease is the lack of iodine in the human body. It is known that iodine is involved in the formation of certain hormones necessary for the normal functioning of the gland. Causes of thyroid disease are different in nature: genetic factors, psychological and emotional stress, unhealthy diet, ecology, the presence of chronic diseases, poor lifestyle, lack of iodine in the body. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and respecting proper nutrition as well as eliminating iodine deficiency in the body will help prevent thyroid disease.Заболевания щитовидной железы относятся к наиболее распространенным болезням, согласно многочисленным исследованиям последних лет. Нарушения в работе данного органа отрицательно влияют на обмен веществ в организме. Сбивается работа многих жизненно важных систем в работе всего организма. Основная причина всех болезней щитовидной железы заключается в недостаточном количестве йода в организме человека. Известно, что йод участвует в выработке определенных гормонов, необходимых для нормального функционирования железы. Причины заболевания щитовидной железы разные по своей натуре: генетические факторы, психологические и эмоциональные нагрузки, неправильное питание, загрязнение окружающей среды, наличие хронических заболеваний, неправильный образ жизни, недостаток йода в организме. Предотвратить развитие заболеваний щитовидной железы помогут поддержание здорового образа жизни и соблюдение правильного питания, а также устранение недостатка йода в организме

Perspective lingvistico-pragmatice în abordarea textual-discursivă a referinţei (consideraţii teoretice, retrospective și de perspectivă)

Résumé La présente étude se propose tout d’abord une présentation des théories du signe linguistique: le paradigme structuraliste (le modèle binaire – F. de Saussure et L. Hjelmslev) et le modèle triadique (Odgen-Richards, Frege, Morris, Peirce). L’approche linguistico-pragmatique présente la référence comme un acte de langage qui, à partir de la théorie de J.C.Milner, fait la distinction entre la référence virtuelle, indépendante de l’expression verbale, équivalente à la signification lexicale de l’expression, et la référence actuelle, déterminée contextuellement. La perspective sémiotique de Peirce, avec la distinction entre Objet dynamique et Objet immédiat, nous permet aussi de faire une distinction entre la référence ponctuelle, au niveau de l’é- noncé, et la référence discursive, construite au niveau textuel. Rezumat Abordarea lingvistico-pragmatică prezintă referinţa ca un act de limbaj care, pornind de la teoria lingvistului J.C. Milner, face distincţia între referinţa virtuală, independentă de expresia lingvistică, echivalentă cu semnificaţia lexicală a expresiei, şi referinţa actuală, determinată, de fiecare dată, contextual. Perspectiva lingvistică are în vedere modelele semnului lingvistic: pe de o parte, cel binar (cu referire la cel structuralist – F. de Saussure şi L. Hjelmslev), iar pe de altă parte, modelul triadic (Odgen-Richards, Frege, Morris, Peirce). Contextul, în toate semnificaţiile pe care le acoperă, va avea un rol determinant în analiza/interpretarea fenomenelor textual-discursive

Intracranial pressure monitoring in neurosurgery department in Iasi – latest developments

Severe head trauma remains an important public health issue and the intracranial pressure monitoring is useful in indicating the patients prognosis, variation especially elevated intracranial pressure were associated with a poor prognosis. We illustrate some cases where we insert the monitoring system (intraparenchymal or intraventricular) and the neurological evolution

A view into clinical practice guidelines: who uses them, who doesn’t and possibly, why

Medical professional societies each develop specific clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Based on the best available evidence, CPGs are intended to control variability and optimize quality of care in clinical practice. Yet, healthcare providers often do not accept or adhere to guidelines, but their reasons are not fully understood. When providers opt to choose not to follow CPGs, unfavorable patient outcomes including unequal access to treatment become negative consequences. In this small qualitative study, we will explore what causes non-adherence to CPGs and what changes have been made to CPGs from when physicians completed their medical residencies to the present. We interviewed physicians from a variety of medical specialties to assess how these changes may influence guideline adherence as well as the consequences of not following them. We found that guidelines may not be followed in cases where patients have comorbidities that are not described in the guidelines or when physicians do not incorporate new evidence and technology advances into their practice. In some specialties, physicians can develop a poor reputation if they do not adhere to the CPGs, and managed care agencies may deny reimbursement for care they provided. To best serve the physician and the patient, we need to find ways to improve CPG adherence. Tactics such as improving the methodology of CPG formation, using information technology, and creating ways to change physician attitudes and behavior are all viable options

Особенности гемостаза у больных с инфарктом миокарда без подъема сегмента ST при некоторых сопутствующих заболеваниях

The formation of an obstructive thrombus within an artery remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. [1] Despite effective inhibition of platelet function by modern antiplatelet therapies, these agents fail to fully eliminate atherothrombotic risk. This may well be related to extensive vascular disease, beyond the protective abilities of the treatment agents used. However, recent evidence suggests that residual vascular risk in those treated with modern antiplatelet therapies is related, at least in part, to impaired fibrin clot lysis.Along these lines, thrombosis is the result of several changes in local homeostasis: endothelial dysfunction, changes in the fibrinolytic system, increased content of some coagulation factors, decreased natural inhibitors, platelet hyperactivity [2] [3].In this review, we attempt to shed more light on the role of hypofibrinolysis in predisposition to arterial vascular events. We provide a brief overview of the coagulation system followed by addressing the role of impaired coagulation, anticoagulation, and fibrinolysis in acute vascular conditions, including coronary artery disease.We also discuss the prognostic implications of coagulation biomarkers regarding arterial thrombotic events, addressing, in particular, people who are exposed to metabolic risks (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes).We conclude that affecting coagulation appears to contribute to residual thrombosis risk in individuals with arterial disease on antiplatelet therapy, and targeting proteins in the fibrinolytic and coagulant system represents a viable strategy to improve outcomes in this population. Future work is required to refine the antithrombotic approach by modulating pathological abnormalities in the fibrinolytic and anticoagulant system and tailoring the therapy according to the need of each individual.Formarea unui tromb obstructiv în cadrul unei artere rămâne o cauză majoră a mortalității și morbidității la nivel mondial. [1] În ciuda inhibiției eficiente a funcției plachetare de către terapii antiplachetare moderne, acești agenți nu reușesc să elimine pe deplin riscul aterotrombotic. Acest lucru poate fi legat de boli vasculare extinse, dincolo de abilitățile de protecție ale agenților de tratament utilizați. Cu toate acestea, dovezi recente sugerează că riscul vascular rezidual la cei tratați cu terapii antiplachetare moderne este legat, cel puțin parțial, de liza de cheag de fibrină afectată în condiţiile unei stări procoagulante. Pe linia acestor constatări, tromboza este rezultatul apariţiei mai multor modifcări în homeostazia locală: disfuncţia endotelială, modificări ale sistemului fibrinolitic, creşterea conţinutului unor factori ai coagulării, scăderea inhibitorilor naturali, hiperactivitatea trombocitară [2] [3].În această revizuire, încercăm să aruncăm mai multă lumină asupra rolului dishomeostaziei în predispoziția la evenimente vasculare arteriale. Oferim o scurtă privire de ansamblu asupra sistemului de coagulare, urmată de abordarea rolului coagulării, anticoagulării și fibrinolizei afectate în afecțiuni vasculare acute, inclusiv in boala arteriala coronariană. De asemenea, discutăm despre implicațiile prognostice ale biomarkerilor coagulării, privind evenimentele trombotice arteriale, abordând, in special, persoanele care sunt expuse la riscuri metabolice (hiperlipidemie, hipertensiune arterială și diabet zaharat).Concluzionăm că afectarea coagularii pare să contribuie la riscul de tromboză reziduală la persoanele cu boală arterială, iar vizarea proteinelor din sistemul fibrinolitic si coagulant reprezintă o strategie viabilă pentru îmbunătățirea rezultatului în această populație.Muncă viitoare este necesară in perfecționarea abordării antitrombotice prin modularea anomaliilor patologice în sistemul fibrinolitic, coagulant și anticoagulant și extinderea strategiilor individualizate de îngrijire a pacienților, pentru a asigura cel mai bun rezultat clinic în populația cu risc vascular ridicat.Обструктивное образование тромба в артерии остается основной причиной заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире. [1] Несмотря на эффективное ингибирование функции тромбоцитов современными антитромбоцитарными препаратами, эти препараты не могут полностью устранить риск атеротромботизма. Это может быть связано с обширным сосудистым заболеванием, выходящим за рамки защитных свойств используемых лечебных средств. Однако последние данные свидетельствуют о том, что остаточный сосудистый риск у пациентов, получающих современные антитромбоцитарные препараты, связан, по крайней мере частично, с нарушением лизиса фибринового сгустка в условиях прокоагулянтного состояния. Таким образом, тромбоз является результатом нескольких изменений местного гомеостаза: эндотелиальной дисфункции, изменений в фибринолитической системе, повышенного содержания некоторых факторов свертывания крови, снижения естественных ингибиторов, гиперактивности тромбоцитов [2] [3].В этом обзоре мы пытаемся пролить больше света на роль дисгомеостаза в предрасположенности к артериально-сосудистым событиям. Мы предоставляем краткий обзор системы свертывания крови, а затем обращаемся к роли нарушений свертывания крови, антикоагуляции и фибринолиза при острых сосудистых заболеваниях, включая ишемическую болезнь сердца. Мы также обсуждаем прогностическое значение биомаркеров коагуляции в отношении артериальных тромботических событий, особенно у людей, подверженных метаболическим рискам (гиперлипидемия, гипертония и диабет).Мы пришли к выводу, что нарушение коагуляции, повидимому, способствует риску остаточного тромбоза у людей с заболеванием артерий, и нацеливание на белки из фибринолитической системы и системы свертывания представляет собой жизнеспособную стратегию для улучшения результатов в этой популяции.Необходима дальнейшая работа по совершенствованию антитромботического подхода путем модулирования патологических нарушений в фибринолитической и антикоагулянтной системе и расширения индивидуальных стратегий ухода за пациентами для обеспечения наилучшего клинического результата в популяции с высоким сосудистым риском

AN IMPROVED 1-D SEISMIC VELOCITY MODEL FOR THE ACTIVE TECTONIC DEFORMATION AREA OF THE SOUTH WESTERN CARPATHIAN BEND ZONE (ROMANIA)

Book Chapter in INSIGHTS OF GEOSCIENCES FOR NATURAL HAZARDS AND CULTURAL HERITAGE, Editor: Florina CHITE

Analysis of isogrid reinforced cylindrical vessels in the case of axially symmetric buckling

Isogrid structures are a configuration of stiffeners of different sections, which make up a lattice placed on thin plates, with the aim of increasing the buckling factor of the overall structure. Because of the major benefits of isogrid structures when applied to increase the buckling factor and to decrease the mass of the structures the isogrid is placed on, its use has intensified until it has become a complete design technique for building cylindrical vessels under high compressive forces. Unfortunately, the detailed geometry of isogrid structures cannot be easily modelled or computed using FEM software, due to the high number of elements required to reliably mesh such a structure and the large amount of time taken to compute the results. This paper attempts to mitigate this problem by considering an analytical approach of sectioning the cylindrical vessel into component modules. These modules, consisting of a thin plate with isogrid stiffeners attached to it, are approximated as an overall thin plate with modified properties. The analytical algorithm is then implemented in a computed algebra system, which will quickly compute approximate values for the buckling factor and mass of the structure

Immune Markers in Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with high immunological background caused by a complex interplay between an altered immune system, genetic factors, autoantigens, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Extensive literature in recent years highlighted the crucial role played by the immune system in the pathogenesis of this pathology. Although it is unequivocally accepted that psoriasis is a T-cell mediated autoimmune condition, both innate and specific immune cells are highly involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The aberrant interactions between immune cells and resident hyper-proliferative keratinocytes are mediated by immune and non-immune related molecules which lead to amplification of the local immune responses, that maintain the chronic inflammatory status. In this chapter, we will highlight the immune molecules resident in the psoriatic tissue or appending to the blood circulation that can indicate the prognosis of this systemic autoimmune disease. Moreover, we will focus on immune cells resident or circulating ones that can pinpoint the clinical evolution of the psoriatic disease. All these data can be developed in immune markers patterns that aid psoriasis diagnosis and/or future (immune)therapies

Investigator and independent review committee exploratory assessment and verification of tumor response in a non-Hodgkin lymphoma study

Interpretation of endpoints (e.g. overall response rate) in clinical trials depends on the accurate and reliable measurement and identification of tumors. Regulatory agencies recommend blinded reviews of imaging data by independent review committees (IRCs). Differences in response outcomes that arise between IRCs and site investigators raise regulatory/sponsor concerns. Here, we evaluate discrepant tumor response assessments by the IRC and unblinded investigators (complete versus partial response, respectively) occurring in 52 (13% of 393 IRC-assessed responders) of 447 enrolled patients with treatment-naïve non-Hodgkin lymphoma from a randomized study. The IRC and investigators were \u27likely correct\u27 in 73% and 25% of cases, respectively (p \u3c .001). Investigators were more likely to make errors by misinterpreting lymph node data and not utilizing PET results. This post hoc finding suggests a possible role for post-training site evaluation/audit, with retraining as needed, and a specialized consensus committee for concurrent blinded review of site/central data