Oneiros, los sueños y recuerdos, residuos en la memoria: la representación del mar como un paisaje onírico.

Esta memoria recoge el trabajo de investigación teórica-conceptual y formal del Trabajo de Fin de Grado. Para ello, hemos tomado una serie de referentes, citados en dicha memoria, que han aportado conceptos para desarrollar las obras plásticas. Todas las citas e imágenes que se incluyen se realizan con fines de investigación y, en una medida justificada, para la realización del proyecto. Los referentes teóricos investigados para dicho proyecto han sido muy variados, por ejemplo René Passeron, Francisco Calvo Serraller, María Zambrano, Javier Maderuelo, José Saborit, Freud, entre otros. Dichos autores han ayudado a reflexionar sobre los conceptos del paisaje, la pintura y los sueños, para poder aplicarlo al proyecto. Desde el punto de vista plástico, los artistas elegidos han aportado diferentes puntos de vista a la obra. Entre ellos: Glem Brown, Tácita Deam, Natalia Castañeda, Bingyi, Balthasar Burkhard, Mara K. Fuhrmamn, Chirico, etc. En el desarrollo de la obra plástica se han incluido bocetos y pruebas realizadas con diferentes soportes y materiales, con la finalidad de ver los resultados y su factibilidad para concluir la obra

Tunable correlated-electron phases in (111) LaAlO_(3)/SrTiO_(3) band insulator heterostructures

Density functional theory calculations reveal the existence of different correlated-electron ground states in (111)-oriented n-type LaAlO_(3)/SrTiO_(3) symmetric superlattices. They can be tuned by selecting the SrTiO3 thickness, and range from a trivial metal for thick SrTiO_(3) slabs to a Mott-type antiferromagnet in the ultrathin limit. An itinerant ferromagnet and a half-metal phase are also stable in the intermediate region. This remarkable property is a distinct characteristic of (111) perovskite heterostructures and originates from the combined effect of polar discontinuity at the interface, trigonal lattice symmetry, and quantum confinement. While the polar discontinuity promotes the filling of the empty d states of the SrTiO_(3) with one electron, the trigonal symmetry dictates that the wave function of the occupied bands spreads over the entire SrTiO3 slab. Thus, the electron density can be chosen by selecting the number of SrTiO_(3) layers. For high densities, symmetry breaking and on-site Coulomb interaction drive the occurrence of correlated-electron ground states. Our results show that low dimensionality can lead to unconventional behavior of oxide heterostructures formed by electronically fairly simple nonmagnetic band insulators, and can open perspectives for the use of LaAlO_(3)/SrTiO_(3) superlattices grown along the [111] direction to explore quantum phase transitions

Early degradation of PV modules and guaranty conditions

CIEMAT PVLabDER has largely increased its demand on testing and characterizing PV plants, according to the fast growth of PV installed capacity in Spain. One of the topics in which manufacturers, promoters, and owners of the plants are more interested in, is the possible degradation of PV modules and its relationship to guarantee contracts, as it is related to subsidies. This paper presents some findings in campaigns of PV plants evaluation carried out during last years. This evaluation usually consists of visual inspection, I-V curve measurement in the fields (the whole plant or selected areas), thermal evaluation by IR imaging, and, in some cases, measurement of the I-V characteristic and thermal behaviour of selected modules in the plant, chosen by the laboratory. It must be noticed that new defects that grow when the module is into operation may appear in modules initially free of them (named as hidden manufacturing defects). Usually some of these hidden defects that only appear in normal operation are not detected in reliability tests (EN61215 or EN 61646) [4][5] due to the different operational conditions of the module in the standard tests and in the field (serial-parallel connection of many PV modules, power inverter influence, over voltage on wires, etc.

Influence of initial power stabilization over crystalline-Si photovoltaic modules maximum power

Measurements that suppliers offer in specification sheets are not always close to the actual power measured in independent laboratories such as CIEMAT. Independent measurements tend to be lower than those printed on the label sometimes even lower than the allowed tolerance indicated by the manufacturer on the same label. Furthermore, a potentially significant power reduction has been reported when Standard EN50380 (which requires photovoltaic (PV) modules to be exposed to more than 20 kWh/m2 of sunlight prior to taking the measurements that appear on the label) is followed. This is the initial power stabilization and this work studies the power stabilization that tends to appear in crystalline PV modules. Crystalline PV modules usually decrease in power around 1%, but decreases >4% have also been reported. These power losses are only detected after the mentioned power stabilizatio

Early degradation of PV modules and guaranty conditions

CIEMAT PVLabDER has largely increased its demand on testing and characterizing PV plants, according to the fast growth of PV installed capacity in Spain. One of the topics in which manufacturers, promoters, and owners of the plants are more interested in, is the possible degradation of PV modules and its relationship to guarantee contracts, as it is related to subsidies. This paper presents some findings in campaigns of PV plants evaluation carried out during last years. This evaluation usually consists of visual inspection, I-V curve measurement in the fields (the whole plant or selected areas), thermal evaluation by IR imaging, and, in some cases, measurement of the I-V characteristic and thermal behaviour of selected modules in the plant, chosen by the laboratory. It must be noticed that new defects that grow when the module is into operation may appear in modules initially free of them (named as hidden manufacturing defects). Usually some of these hidden defects that only appear in normal operation are not detected in reliability tests (EN61215 or EN 61646) [4][5] due to the different operational conditions of the module in the standard tests and in the field (serial-parallel connection of many PV modules, power inverter influence, over voltage on wires, etc.

Overexpression of the short endoglin isoform reduces renal fibrosis and inflammation after unilateral ureteral obstruction

33 p.-9 fig.-2 tab. Muñoz-Felix. J. M. et al.Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is one of the most studied cytokines involved in renal tubulo¬interstitial fibrosis, which is characterized by myofibroblast abundance and proliferation, and high buildup of extracellular matrix in the tubular interstitium leading to organ failure. Endoglin (Eng) is a 180-kDa homodimeric transmembrane protein that regulates a great number of TGF-β1 actions in different biological processes, includ¬ing ECM synthesis. High levels of Eng have been observed in experimental models of renal fibrosis or in biopsies from patients with chronic kidney disease. In humans and mice, two Eng isoforms are generated by alternative splicing, L-Eng and S-Eng that differ in the length and composition of their cytoplasmic domains. We have previously described that L-Eng overexpression promotes renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). However, the role of S-Eng in renal fibrosis is unknown and its study would let us analyze the possible function of the cytoplasmic domain of Eng in this process. For this purpose, we have generated a mice strain that overexpresses S-Eng (S-ENG+) and we have performed an UUO in S-ENG+ and their wild type (WT) control mice. Our results indicate that obstructed kidney of S-ENG+ mice shows lower levels of tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, less inflammation and less interstitial cell proliferation than WT littermates. Moreover, S-ENG+ mice show less activation of Smad1 and Smad2/3 pathways. Thus, S-Eng overexpression reduces UUO-induced renal fibrosis and some associated mechanisms. As L-Eng overexpression provokes renal fibrosis we conclude that Eng-mediated induction of renal fibrosis in this model is dependent on its cytoplasmic domain.This study has been supported by grants from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (SAF2013-43421-R to CB; and SAF2013-45784-R to JML-N), Junta de Castilla y León (GR100, JML-N), Institute Queen Sophie for Renal Research, Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (0016¬002), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, CB) (ISCIII-CB06/07/0038) and Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Renales (REDINREN, JML-N) (R12/0021/ 0032). CIBERER and REDINREN are initiatives of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of Spain supported by FEDER funds. BO and ENG are supported by fellowships from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BES-2011-048968 and BES-2008-005550). JMMF, LPR and CC are supported by fellowships from Junta de Castilla y León and Fondo Social Europeo (EDU/1204/2010 and EDU/1083/2013).Peer reviewe

Influence of glycerol addition on the droplet size distribution, mean diameters and physical stability of ecological O/W emulsions processed with Microfluidizer technology

The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the pressure ( 0 psi and 15000 psi) and the number of passes (0,1,2 and 3) through a high pressure homogenizer with Microfluidizer technology on the droplet size distribution, mean diameters and physical stability of ecological O/W emulsions. The results with an emulsion formulated with 50 wt% of glycerol in the continuous phase are compared. As dispersed phase a 30 wt% mixture of green solvents, N,N-dimethyldecanamide and α-pinene with a 75/25 mass ratio was used. In addition, an ecological surfactant derived from coconut oil, HLB = 13.El objetivo de este trabajo ha consistido en investigar cómo influye la presión (0 y 15000 psi) y el número de pasadas (1, 2 y 3) a través de un homogeneizador de alta presión con tecnología Microfluidizer sobre la distribución de tamaños de gota, diámetros medios y estabilidad física de una emulsión ecológica O/W. Se comparan los resultados con la emulsión formulada con un 50% en peso de glicerol en el medio continuo. Como fase dispersa se utiliza un 30% en peso de una mezcla de disolventes verdes, N,N-dimetildecanamida y α-pineno, en una relación en masa de 75/25. Adicionalmente se emplea un tensioactivo ecológico derivado de aceite de coco, de HLB 13.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España-CTQ2015-70700-PComisión Europea (Programa FEDER

Interplay between symmetry and spin-orbit coupling on graphene nanoribbons

We study the electronic structure of chiral and achiral graphene nanoribbons with symmetric edges, including curvature and spin-orbit effects. Curved ribbons show spin-split bands, whereas flat ribbons present spin-degenerate bands. We show that this effect is due to the breaking of spatial inversion symmetry in curved graphene nanoribbons, while flat ribbons with symmetric edges possess an inversion center, regardless of their having chiral or achiral edges. We find an enhanced edge-edge coupling and a substantial gap in narrow chiral nanoribbons, which is not present in zigzag ribbons of similar width. We attribute these size effects to the mixing of the sublattices imposed by the edge geometry, yielding a behavior of chiral ribbons that is distinct from those with pure zigzag edges. © 2013 American Physical Society.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministries of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and Economy and Competitivity (MINECO) DGES under Grants No. MAT2009-14578-C03-03, No. PIB2010BZ-00512, No. FIS2010-21282-C02-02, No. FIS2011-23713, No.MAT2012-38045-C04-04, and No. FIS2012-33521.Peer Reviewe