Tuberculose lymphonodale cervicale chez les enfants vaccines par le BCG

La tuberculose ganglionnaire cervicale est une localisation extrapulmonaire relativement fréquente chez l’enfant. Elle pose essentiellement des difficultés de prévention. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier les particularités diagnostiques et thérapeutiques chez des enfants vaccinés par le BCG.Matériel et méthodes: Nôtre étude rétrospective porte sur 23 cas de tuberculose ganglionnaire chez des enfants vaccinés, colligés sur une période de 10 ans allant de 2002 à 2011.Résultats : La moyenne d’âge des enfants était de 8 ans. Le délai de consultation était en moyenne de 1 mois. Seize enfants présentaient une polyadénopathie cervicale bilatérale. L’échographie cervicale a objectivé une nécrose intra ganglionnaire dans 17 cas. Le diagnostic de tuberculose ganglionnaire a été confirmé par l’examen anatomopathologique d’une pièce d’adénectomie dans tous les cas. Aucun des enfants n’a présenté de forme grave ou compliquée. Un traitement antituberculeux selon le schéma national a été instauré dans tous les cas. L’évolution a été favorable dans tous les cas.Conclusion : Malgré tous les efforts déployés par notre pays pour la lutte contre la tuberculose, cette dernière sévit toujours à l’état endémique. La vaccination par le BCG a permis de diminuer considérablement le nombre des formes graves mais ne protège pas parfaitement contre cette maladie.MOTS CLES : Tuberculose; enfant; Adénopathie cervicale; Adénectomie.The cervical lymph node tuberculosis is a extrapulmonary form relatively common in children, it poses difficulties essentially preventive. The purpose of this work was to study the diagnostic and therapeutic features in children vaccinated with BCG.Material and Methods: Our study is retrospective including 23 cases of lymph node tuberculosis in vaccinated children, collected over a period of 10 years from 2002 to 2011.Results: The average age of the children was 8 years old. The consultation delay was on average 1 month. Sixteen children had bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Ultrasound cervical objectified intra nodal necrosis in 17 cases. The diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis was confirmed by histological examination of a piece of lymphadenectomy in all cases. None of the children presented with severe or complicated form. All patients were treated according to the national scheme. The outcome was favorable in all cases.Conclusion: Despite all efforts by our country in the fight against tuberculosis, the latter sévie still endemic. BCG vaccination has reduced considerably the number of severe but does not protect completely against this disease.KEYWORDS: Tuberculosis; Child; Cerical adenopathy; Adenectomy

Diffusion of the dicumyl peroxide in molten polymer probed by rheology

International audienceThe mutual coefficient of diffusion of the dicumyl peroxide (DCP), which diffuses into an ethylene-octene copolymer above its Tg was measured from an innovative rheological experiment. The experiments were carried out on a parallel plate geometry rheometer. The method is based on the cross-linking of a two-layer sample; the upper layer contains 2 wt% of DCP, and the lower layer is free of DCP. Actually, this experiment is based on the competition between the reaction of cross-linking and the diffusion of DCP in the lower layer. Comparing this rheological behavior with the rheological kinetic of cross-linking of an homogeneous sample with 1 wt% DCP, we are able, from an inverse fitting procedure, to calculate the mutual coefficient of diffusion. Our hypothesis is that the diffusion of DCP in the copolymer above Tg, can be described by Fick's classical law. Using Fick's law, the concentration of the DCP was established for any given point of the thickness of the two-layer sample at any time. Using a one-dimensional grid to solve continuous equations that describe the different rheological contributions of each abscissa, we determined the linear viscoelastic response of the whole sample. Comparing the experimental storage modulus of the two layer sample to the values measured from an homogeneous sample, we found the values of the mutual coefficient of diffusion. Finally, a simple relation, which describes the mutual coefficient of diffusion of DCP into melt ethylene-octene copolymer was established according to an Arrhenius law as: D12 = 1.25 x 102exp(-70.0 × 103 /RT)m2/s Moreover, this work clearly shows how a reaction in molten media can be controlled by the diffusion process of small reactive molecules

Case Report - Le kyste hydatique du cordon spermatique: Une localisation exceptionnelle

L’ hydatidose est une anthropo-zoonose due au développement chez l’homme de la forme larvaire du taenia Echinococcus granulosis. La plupart des kystes hydatiques se localisent dans le foie et les poumons. Le kyste hydatique du cordon spermatique est extrêmement rare avec seulement 4 cas rapportés dans la littérature. Les auteurs rapportent dans cet article un nouveau cas d’hydatidose du cordon spermatique. Il s’agissait d’un homme de 40 ans qui consultait pour des douleurs scrotales évoluant depuis huit mois. L’examen clinique a mis en évidence une tuméfaction mobile, inguino-scrotale, droite. L’échographie testiculaire a objectivé une hernie inguinale droite associée à deux kystes épididymaires bilatéraux. Le patient a été opéré pour cure de son hernie avec découverte en per-opératoire d’un kyste du cordon spermatique qui a été réséqué. L’examen anatomopathologique a conclu à une hydatidose du cordon spermatique

Polynomial lower bounds for the two-machine flowshop problem with sequence-independent setup times

In this paper, we address the problem of two-machine flowshop scheduling problem with sequence independent setup times to minimize the total completion time. We propose five new polynomial lower bounds. Computational results based on randomly generated data show that our proposed lower bounds consistently outperform those of the literature.King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabi

Numerical simulation of polymers powder sintering using infrared heating

International audienc

Minimizing the total completion time in a two-machine flowshop with sequence-independent setup times

We consider the problem of minimizing the sum of completion times in a two-machine permutation flowshop subject to setup times. We propose a new priority rule, several constructive heuristics, local search procedures, as well as an effective multiple crossover genetic algorithm. Computational experiments carried out on a large set of randomly generated instances provide evidence that a constructive heuristic based on newly derived priority rule dominates all the proposed constructive heuristics. More specifically, we show that one of our proposed constructive heuristics outperforms the best constructive heuristic in the literature in terms of both error and computational time. Furthermore, we show that one of our proposed local search-based heuristics outperforms the best local search heuristic in the literature in terms of again both error and computational time. We also show that, in terms of quality-to-CPU time ratio, the multiple crossover genetic algorithm performs consistently well.

Numerical simulation of polymers powder sintering using infrared heating

International audienc

Exact methods for the quay crane scheduling problem when tasks are modeled at the single container level

The scheduling of quay cranes (QCs) to minimize the handling time of a berthed vessel is one of the most important operations in container terminals as it impacts the terminal's overall productivity. In this paper, we propose two exact methods to solve the quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP) where a task is defined as handling a single container and subject to different technical constraints including QCs? safety margin, non-crossing, initial position, and nonzero traveling time. The first method is based on two versions of a compact mixed-integer programming formulation that can solve large problem instances using a general purpose solver. The second is a combination of some constraints of the proposed mathematical model and the binary search algorithm to reduce the CPU time, and solve more efficiently large-sized problems. Unlike existing studies, the computational study demonstrates that both methods can reach optimal solutions for large-sized instances and validates their dominance compared to an exact model proposed in the literature which finds solutions only for small problems.This research was made possible by NPRP grant no. NPRP 7-796-2-297 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of The Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. Appendix AScopu

Sequence-Based Simulation Optimization: An Application to Container Terminals

This paper presents a novel method for simulation-optimization that incorporates the sequence in which the decision variables (resource levels) are optimized. The authors hypothesize that implementing such a sequence will reach a comparable solution in less computation time than the traditional method of optimizing simulations. Since container terminals are complex stochastic systems as they consist of different areas, each with detailed and critical functions that may affect the output, this method is applied and tested on a container terminal simulation model. This approach is anticipated to reduce the search space and improve the efficiency of the optimization process.This research was made possible by NPRP Grant No. NPRP 7-796-2-297 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of The Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.Scopu