Public and Private as Viewed through the Work of the Muhtasib

This article examines the distinctions between public and private space in classical Islamic law through the work of the muhtasib, a legal official charged with the inspection of public places and behavior in towns of the premodern Middle East and North Africa (and in some Muslim communities outside of these areas)

Public and Private as Viewed through the Work of the Muhtasib

This article examines the distinctions between public and private space in classical Islamic law through the work of the muhtasib, a legal official charged with the inspection of public places and behavior in towns of the premodern Middle East and North Africa (and in some Muslim communities outside of these areas)

The Islamic Foundation for citizenship and pluralism

Human diversity is an assumption of most people in most places. The reality of such diversity is handsomely and clearly stated in a famous and often quoted verse of the Qur’an. Verse 13 of Sūrah 49 reads: Oh men, We have created you from a male and a female, and We have made you into groups (shu`ūb) and tribes (qabā’il) that you may come to know one another; truly, the noblest (akram) among you before God is the most righteous (atqā) among you; truly God is the All-knowing, the All-seeing

Magnetoconductivity of quantum wires with elastic and inelastic scattering

We use a Boltzmann equation to determine the magnetoconductivity of quantum wires. The presence of a confining potential in addition to the magnetic field removes the degeneracy of the Landau levels and allows one to associate a group velocity with each single-particle state. The distribution function describing the occupation of these single-particle states satisfies a Boltzmann equation, which may be solved exactly in the case of impurity scattering. In the case where the electrons scatter against both phonons and impurities we solve numerically - and in certain limits analytically - the integral equation for the distribution function, and determine the conductivity as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The magnetoconductivity exhibits a maximum at a temperature, which depends on the relative strength of the impurity and electron-phonon scattering, and shows oscillations when the Fermi energy or the magnetic field is varied.Comment: 21 pages (revtex 3.0), 5 postscript figures available upon request at [email protected] or [email protected]

Targeted Therapy Resistance Mediated by Dynamic Regulation of Extrachromosomal Mutant EGFR DNA

Intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to cancer drug resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Single-cell analyses of patient-derived models and clinical samples from glioblastoma patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) demonstrate that tumor cells reversibly up-regulate or suppress mutant EGFR expression, conferring distinct cellular phenotypes to reach an optimal equilibrium for growth. Resistance to EGFR TKIs is shown to occur by elimination of mutant EGFR from extrachromosomal DNA. After drug withdrawal, reemergence of clonal EGFR mutations on extrachromosomal DNA follows. These results indicate a highly specific, dynamic, and adaptive route by which cancers can evade therapies that target oncogenes maintained on extrachromosomal DNA

A Realistic Radiative Fermion Mass Hierarchy in Non-supersymmetric SO(10)

A non-supersymmetric grand unified theory can exhibit a "radiative fermion mass hierarchy", in which the heavier quarks and leptons get mass at tree level and the lighter ones get mass from loop diagrams. Recently the first predictive model of this type was proposed. Here it is analyzed numerically and it is shown to give an excellent fit to the quark and lepton masses and mixings, including the CP phase violating phase $\delta_{CKM}$. A relation between the neutrino angle $\theta_{13}$ and the atmospheric neutrino angle is obtainedComment: 13 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX