797 research outputs found
The Photodissociation of and the Solar Neutrino Problem
The extraction of the photodissociation cross sections of from Coulomb
dissociation experiments is investigated. A careful study is done on the
contributions of the E1, E2 and M1 multipolarities to the breakup. A comparison
with the data of a recent experiment is performed. It is shown that the
extraction of the radiative capture cross sections which
are relevant for the solar neutrino problem is not affected appreciably by
Coulomb reacceleration. A non-perturbative model is used for the purpose.
Emphasis is put on the perspectives for future experiments which are planned at
the University of Notre Dame, RIKEN (Japan), and GSI (Germany). An analysis of
the total yields of ``photon-point" processes in inelastic electron scattering
is also done.Comment: 23 pages, plain Latex. 12 figures available upon request
Nuclear Astrophysics in Storage Rings
Nuclear reaction cross sections are usually very small in typical
astrophysical environments. It has been one of the major challenges of
experimental nuclear astrophysics to assess the magnitude of these cross
sections in the laboratory. For a successful experiment high luminosity beams
are needed. Increasing the target width, one also increases the reaction
yields. But, this is of limited use due to multiple scattering in the target.
Storage rings are a very good way to overcome these difficulties. In principle,
they can be tuned to large luminosities, and have the advantage of crossing the
interaction region many times per second (typically one million/s),
compensating low density internal gas targets, or low reaction rates in
beam-beam collisions. Storage rings are also ideal tools for precise
measurements of masses and beta-decay lifetimes of nuclei of relevance for
astrophysics.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, figures available upon reques
Clustering in stable and unstable nuclei in -shell and -shell regions
According to microscopic calculations with antisymmetrized molecular
dynamics, we studied cluster features in stable and unstable nuclei. A variety
of structure was found in stable and unstable nuclei in the -shell and
-shell regions. The structure of excited states of Be was
investigated, while in -shell nuclei we focused on molecular states and
deformed states. The deformed states in Si and Ca were discussed
in connection with the high-lying molecular states. Appealing molecular states
in Ar and Mg were suggested. The results signified that both
clustering of nucleons and mean-field formation are essential features in
-shell nuclei as well as -shell nuclei.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figs, proceedings of the 8th International conference on
Clustering Aspects of Nuclear Structure and Dynamics, Nov. 2003, Nara, Japan,
to be published in Nucl.Phys.
Breakup of the weakly bound 17F nucleus
The breakup of the radioactive 17F nucleus into a proton and 16O is studied
for the reaction 17F + 208Pb --> p + 16O + 208Pb at 65 MeV/nucleon. The
possibility of using this reaction as a test case for studying dynamical
Coulomb reacceleration effects is assessed. It is shown that the reaction is
dominated by elastic nuclear breakup (diffraction dissociation).Comment: 17 figures and 8 figure
Kinetic energy and spin-orbit splitting in nuclei near neutron drip line
Two important ingredients of nuclear shell-structure, kinetic energy and
spin-orbit splitting, are studied as a function of orbital angular momenta \ell
and binding energies, when binding energies of neutrons decrease towards zero.
If we use the standard parameters of the Woods-Saxon potential in \beta stable
nuclei and approach the limit of zero binding energy from 10 MeV, the
spin-orbit splitting for n=1 orbitals decreases considerably for \ell=1, while
for \ell > 2 little decreasing is observed in the limit. In contrast, the
kinetic energy decreases considerably for \ell \simleq 3. The smaller the \ell
values of orbitals, the larger the decreasing rate of both kinetic energy and
spin-orbit splitting. The dependence of the above bservation on the diffuseness
of potentials is studied.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Nucl. Phy
On the Analysis of Intermediate-Energy Coulomb Excitation Experiments
In a recent publication (Bertulani et al., PLB 650 (2007) 233 and
arXiv:0704.0060v2) the validity of analysis methods used for
intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation experiments was called into question.
Applying a refined theory large corrections of results in the literature seemed
needed. We show that this is not the case and that the large deviations
observed are due to the use of the wrong experimental parameters. We
furthermore show that an approximate expression derived by Bertulani et al. is
in fact equivalent to the theory of Winther and Alder (NPA 319 (1979) 518), an
analysis method often used in the literature.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, submitted to PL
Anharmonicity in a double hydrogen transfer reaction studied in a single porphycene molecule on a Cu(110) surface
Interfacial Structure at the Quaternary Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids vertical bar Gold Electrode Interface Probed by Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy: Anion Dependence of the Cationic Behavior
The interfacial structure at the quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids(ILs)|gold(Au) electrode interface has been studied using surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Four anions, bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)amide (CₙCₙN⁻; n = 0, 1, 2, 4), have been combined with a quaternary ammonium cation, trioctylmethylammonium (N₈₈₈₁⁺), to investigate the influence of the perfluoroalkyl chain length of the anion on the behavior of the quaternary ammonium cation at the interface. In addition, to investigate the effect of the alkyl chain length of the quaternary ammonium cations on the cationic behavior, we have also combined a cation with a shorter alkyl chain, tributylmethylammonium (N₄₄₄₁⁺) with C₁C₁N⁻. Thus, we have performed SEIRAS measurements at the Au interface of five ILs: [N₈₈₈₁⁺][CₙCₙN⁻] (n = 0, 1, 2, 4) and [N₄₄₄₁⁺][C₁C₁N⁻]. The four CH stretching bands originating from the quaternary ammonium cations have been individually analyzed, enabling us to reveal the behavior of the quaternary ammonium cations at the interface. The cationic behavior is found to dramatically depend not only on the alkyl chain length but also on the perfluoroalkyl chain length of the counterion. For [N₈₈₈₁⁺][C₄C₄N⁻] and [N₈₈₈₁⁺][C₂C₂N⁻], octyl chains of N₈₈₈₁⁺cannot reach the Au electrode surface at positive potentials because the bulky anions in the first ionic layer on the electrode surface block the approach. Conversely, for ILs with the smaller anions ([N₈₈₈₁⁺][C₁C₁N⁻] and [N₈₈₈₁⁺][C₀C₀N⁻]), octyl chains of N₈₈₈₁⁺ can penetrate into a space in the first ionic layer of small anions. The butyl chains of N₄₄₄₁⁺ in [N₄₄₄₁⁺][C₁C₁N⁻] cannot reach the surface at positive potentials even across the first ionic layer of the small anions because of their relatively short alkyl chain length
Collective Properties of Low-lying Octupole Excitations in , and
The octupole strengths of -stable nucleus , a
neutron skin nucleus and a neutron drip line nucleus
are studied by using the self-consistent Hartree-Fock
calculation plus the random phase approximation (RPA) with Skyrme interaction.
The collective properties of low-lying excitations are analyzed by using
particle-vibration coupling. The results show that the lowest isoscalar states
above threshold in and are the
superpositions of collective excitations and unperturbed transitions from bound
state to nonresonance states. For these three nuclei, both the low-lying
isoscalar states and giant isoscalar resonance carry isovector strength. The
ratio B(IV)/B(IS) is checked. It is found that, for , the
ratios are equal to in good accuracy, while for
and , the ratios are much larger than
. This results from the excess neutrons with small binding
energies in and .Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
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