Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization: Difficulties on Imaging Follow-up

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Fluctuation Dissipation Relation for a Langevin Model with Multiplicative Noise

A random multiplicative process with additive noise is described by a Langevin equation. We show that the fluctuation-dissipation relation is satisfied in the Langevin model, if the noise strength is not so strong.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, other comment

Long-tail Behavior in Locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans

The locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits complex patterns. In particular, the worm combines mildly curved runs and sharp turns to steer its course. Both runs and sharp turns of various types are important components of taxis behavior. The statistics of sharp turns have been intensively studied. However, there have been few studies on runs, except for those on klinotaxis (also called weathervane mechanism), in which the worm gradually curves toward the direction with a high concentration of chemicals; this phenomenon was discovered recently. We analyzed the data of runs by excluding sharp turns. We show that the curving rate obeys long-tail distributions, which implies that large curving rates are relatively frequent. This result holds true for locomotion in environments both with and without a gradient of NaCl concentration; it is independent of klinotaxis. We propose a phenomenological computational model on the basis of a random walk with multiplicative noise. The assumption of multiplicative noise posits that the fluctuation of the force is proportional to the force exerted. The model reproduces the long-tail property present in the experimental data.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figures, some errors were correcte

Perturbed gap-filling synthesis in nucleotide excision repair causes histone H2AX phosphorylation in human quiescent cells

Human histone H2AX is rapidly phosphorylated on serine 139 in response to DNA double-strand breaks and plays a crucial role in tethering the factors involved in DNA repair and damage signaling. Replication stress caused by hydroxyurea or UV also initiates H2AX phosphorylation in S-phase cells, although UV induced H2AX phosphorylation in non-cycling cells has recently been observed. Here we study the UV induced H2AX phosphorylation in human primary fibroblasts under growth-arrested conditions. This reaction absolutely depends on nucleotide excision repair (NER) and is mechanistically distinct from the replication stress-induced phosphorylation. The treatment of cytosine-β-D-arabinofuranoside strikingly enhances the NER-dependent H2AX phosphorylation and induces the accumulation of replication protein A (RPA) and ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) at locally UV-damaged subnuclear regions. Consistently, the phosphorylation appears to be mainly mediated by ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR), although Chk1 (Ser345) is not phosphorylated by the activated ATR. The cellular levels of DNA polymerases δ and ε and proliferating cell nuclear antigen are markedly reduced in quiescent cells. We propose a model that perturbed gap-filling synthesis following dual incision in NER generates single-strand DNA gaps and hence initiates H2AX phosphorylation by ATR with the aid of RPA and ATRIP

カンゴ ケイ ダイガク ノ Web ジョウ シラバス ニ オケル エンカク カンゴ カンレン ヨウゴ シュツゲン ジョウキョウ ノ ジッタイ チョウサ

遠隔看護（Telenursing）とは、｢遠距離通信の技術を利用した看護実践｣である。遠隔看護の実践には、基本的な看護実践能力に加えて、情報科学、コンピュータサイエンスに関わる専門的な知識・技術の修得が必要である。研究目的は、このような遠隔看護の実践に向けた今後の看護基礎教育を検討するために、遠隔看護に関わる看護基礎教育における教育実態を把握することである。研究方法は、Web上に公開されている看護系大学のシラバス収集を行い、遠隔看護に関わる５つのキーワードを遠隔看護関連用語と設定して、その遠隔看護関連用語のシラバス内の出現数を算出した。結果、98大学のシラバス内の用語として、｢遠隔看護｣と｢Telenursing｣は各々１大学で抽出され、両者同じ大学だった。｢遠隔医療｣は４大学で抽出され、｢遠隔看護｣を抽出した１大学と重複していた。｢テレナーシング｣と｢telehealth｣は抽出されなかった。現状の看護系大学の看護基礎教育における｢遠隔看護｣に関わる学びの機会は僅少だった。Telenursing is defined as "nursing practice using telecommunication technology." Practice of telenursing requires special knowledge and skills in addition to basic nursing practical skills related to information science and computer science. Therefore, we surveyed the actual situation of education on telenursing in fundamental nursing education. The data were collected from the syllabus of fundamental nursing education published on the Web. The number of occurrences of keywords related to telenursing in the syllabus that we were able to collect was calculated quantitatively. As a result, terms from the syllabus, such as "Enkaku-kango (telenursing by Japanese)" and "Telenursing" were extracted each from one university, and they were the same university. "Telemedicine" was extracted from four universities and was duplicated with one university that extracted "Enkaku-kango." "Tele-Na-Singu (telenursing by Japanese Katakana)" and "telehealth" were not extracted. There were few opportunities for learning related to telenursing in nursing fundamental education of the current nursing universities

WRN Mutation Update: Mutation Spectrum, Patient Registries, and Translational Prospects: HUMAN MUTATION

Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a constellation of adult onset phenotypes consistent with an acceleration of intrinsic biological aging. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the WRN gene, which encodes a multifunctional nuclear protein with exonuclease and helicase activities. WRN protein is thought to be involved in optimization of various aspects of DNA metabolism, including DNA repair, recombination, replication, and transcription. In this update, we summarize a total of 83 different WRN mutations, including eight previously unpublished mutations identified by the International Registry of Werner Syndrome (Seattle, WA) and the Japanese Werner Consortium (Chiba, Japan), as well as 75 mutations already reported in the literature. The Seattle International Registry recruits patients from all over the world to investigate genetic causes of a wide variety of progeroid syndromes in order to contribute to the knowledge of basic mechanisms of human aging. Given the unusually high prevalence of WS patients and heterozygous carriers in Japan, the major goal of the Japanese Consortium is to develop effective therapies and to establish management guidelines for WS patients in Japan and elsewhere. This review will also discuss potential translational approaches to this disorder, including those currently under investigation