De nuevo sobre la poesía popular y el nacionalismo: el ldeari Cançonístic Aguiló

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Actitudes sociales y creencias populares sobre las amas de cría, reflejadas en el romancero tradicional: La nodriza del infante

La nodriza del Infante (The Prince's Nurse) is a traditional ballad documented in Catalán, French, Sephardic and Spanish. The numerous references to wet-nurses in this and other ballads are related to the ideas that moralists, theologians and physicians expressed about wet-nurses, from the Middle Ages to the present. By comparing those references with these ideas, the author aims to identify the points of agreement and disagreement between such scholarly tradition and that of the community that has orally preserved and transmitted ballads.La nodriza del infante es una balada tradicional que se documenta en lengua castellana, catalana, francesa y sefardí. Las numerosas referencias a las nodrizas en éste y en otros temas romancísticos se relacionan con las ideas expresadas por moralistas, teólogos y médicos, desde la Edad Media a nuestros días. Así se intentan establecer los puntos de acuerdo y de desacuerdo con la comunidad depositaría y transmisora del romancero oral tradicional

Laguna Seca sediments reveal environmental and climate change during the latest Pleistocene and Holocene in Sierra Nevada, southern Iberian Peninsula

This study was supported by the I + D + i projects CGL2013-47038- R, CGL2017-85415-R, PID2019-1049449GB-I00, and PID2021- 125619OB-C21/C22 funded by Ministerio Ciencia e Innovación/Agencia Estatal de Investigación/ 10.13039/501100011033/ and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional “Una manera de hacer Europa”, I + D + i projects A-RNM-336-UGR20 and P20_00059 of the action “Proyectos I + D + i del Programa Operativo FEDER - Junta de Andalucía - UGR” and the research group RNM-190. This research is part of the project “Thematic Center on Mountain Ecosystem & Remote sensing, Deep learning- AI e-Services University of Granada-Sierra Nevada” (LifeWatch-2019- 10-UGR-01), which has been co-funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation through the FEDER funds from the Spanish Pluriregional Operational Program 2014-2020 (POPE), LifeWatch-ERIC action line. José Carrión was supported by the I + D + I project PID2019-1049449 GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” and the fellowship 20788/PI/18 of Fundación Séneca. We thank Javier Jaimez for his help with the core drilling in Laguna Seca and Alejandro Navarro and Aurora Baquera for the sediment sampling. ALA acknowledges the predoctoral fellowship BES- 2018-084293 provide by the MCIN/ AEI/ 10.13039/5011000110 33/. CLB acknowledges the European Union for her Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 892487 under Horizon 2020 funds. JC acknowledges the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Spanish Government for the grant number FJC2020-044215-I of the Juan de la Cierva Formación postdoctoral program.Sedimentation in most glacial lakes and wetlands in the Sierra Nevada (southern Iberian Peninsula) began after the last deglaciation and since the Younger Dryas (YD)-Early Holocene (EH) transition. Therefore, until now, studies on older sedimentary records were lacking in this alpine area, which limits the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic information to the Holocene. In this study, we studied palynomorphs from the alpine record from Laguna Seca (LS), the longest and oldest (∼18,000 cal yr BP = 18 kyr) sedimentary record in the Sierra Nevada to investigate the response of forests and lake environments in the western Mediterranean area to climate changes and human impact during the latest Pleistocene and Holocene. The deepest lake conditions occurred during the last deglaciation, indicated by the occurrence of Pediastrum algae, which showed highest abundances during the Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) and Bølling-Allerød (B-A) transition. Xerophyte herbs such as Artemisia, Ephedra, and Amaranthaceae were highest during the late B-A and YD indicating regional aridity. Poaceae (grasses) were maxima in the B-A and EH, probably indicating expansion in the barren areas after deglaciation. Maximum in temperature and humidity during the EH and cooling and aridification in the Middle (MH) and Late Holocene (LH) are indicated by the changes in the abundance of deciduous Quercus and Pinus forest species. Botryococcus algae increased during the Early Holocene, while the rest of the algae almost vanished, which could indicate that the lake became very productive but shallower until 8.2 kyr. The lake level lowered and became seasonal in the Middle-Late Holocene transition, coinciding with the regional climate aridification. Microcharcoal analysis done on the palynological preparations agrees with the vegetation changes, showing maxima in the EH and MH, related with the maximum in regional forest occurrence, and a decrease in the LH when the Mediterranean vegetation, and thus fuel availability, diminished. This record shows evidence of anthropogenic impact in the last centuries by cultivation, reforestation, cattle grazing, enhanced erosion and eutrophication.I + D + i projects CGL2013-47038- R, CGL2017-85415-R, PID2019-1049449GB-I00, and PID2021- 125619OB-C21/C22 funded by Ministerio Ciencia e Innovación/Agencia Estatal de Investigación/ 10.13039/501100011033/ and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional “Una manera de hacer Europa”I + D + i projects A-RNM-336-UGR20 and P20_00059 of the action “Proyectos I + D + i del Programa Operativo FEDER - Junta de Andalucía - UGR” and the research group RNM-190Ministry of Science and Innovation through the FEDER funds from the Spanish Pluriregional Operational Program 2014-2020 (POPE), LifeWatch-ERIC action lineI + D + I project PID2019-1049449 GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” and the fellowship 20788/PI/18 of Fundación SénecaPredoctoral fellowship BES- 2018-084293 provide by the MCIN/ AEI/ 10.13039/5011000110 33/European Union for her Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 892487 under Horizon 2020 fundsMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Spanish Government for the grant number FJC2020-044215-I of the Juan de la Cierva Formación postdoctoral progra

Holocene summer temperature reconstruction based on a chironomid record from Sierra Nevada, southern Spain

This study was supported by projects CGL2013-47038-R, CGL2017-85415-R and PID2021-125619OB-C21/C22, funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE”; Junta de Andalucía I + D + i Junta de Andalucía 2020 Retos P-20-00059, UGR-FEDER B-RNM-144-UGR18, UGR-FEDER A-RNM-336-UGR20, Project cofinanced by FEDER and LifeWatch-Eric LifeWatch-2019-10-UGR-01 and the research group RNM-190 (Junta de Andalucía). RSA acknowledges several travel grants from Northern Arizona University to support this work. JC thanks the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain for the Juan de la Cierva Formación postdoctoral fellowship. ALA acknowledges the predoctoral fellowship BES-2018-084293 provided by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/. CLB acknowledges the European Union for her Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 892487 under Horizon 2020 funds. LJ acknowledges the Ministry of Universities of Spain for her Margarita Salas grant (MS2021-204) financed by the European Union -Next Generation EU funds.Obtaining accurate temperature reconstructions from the past is crucial in understanding the consequences of changes in external climate forcings, such as orbital-scale insolation or multidecadal to centennial-scale variability on the climate system and the environment. In addition, these reconstructions help in comprehending the amplitude of natural temperature changes in the past, which can assist in evaluating the amplitude and rate of recent anthropogenic global warming. Here we present the first detailed Holocene mean July air temperature reconstruction based on chironomid assemblages from sediments retrieved from Laguna de Río Seco, an alpine lake in Sierra Nevada, southern Spain. Coldest climate conditions are recorded during the last glacial maximum and the last deglaciation. Warming occurred in the Early Holocene and warmest summer temperature conditions and the Holocene thermal maximum (HTM) occurred in the interval roughly between 9000 and 7200 cal yr BP, concurrent with summer insolation maxima. Rapid cooling of ∼1.5 °C occurred after the warmest maximum and between ∼7200 and 6500 cal yr BP, and temperatures stabilized between ∼6500 and 3000 cal yr BP. A further cooling began ∼3000 cal yr BP and culminated with coldest summer conditions during the Dark Ages (DA) and Little Ice Age (LIA) at ∼1550 cal yr BP (∼400 CE) and ∼200 cal yr BP (∼1750 CE), respectively. This cooling temperature trend was interrupted by warmer conditions during the Iberian-Roman Humid Period (IRHP) ∼2000 cal yr BP and during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) at ∼1000 cal yr BP. Our reconstruction shows a greater than two-degree cooling during the Middle and Late Holocene, agreeing with global mean surface temperature (GMST) reconstructions. Modern climate warming (MCW) during summer exceeds the two-degree Celsius forecasted for the future due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases, suggesting that recent warming is amplified at high elevations. Alpine environments and the biodiversity contained there are thus in danger if the observed temperature trend continues in the next decades.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain CGL2013-47038-R, CGL2017-85415-R, PID2021-125619OB-C21/C22Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UEJunta de Andalucía P-20-00059, UGR-FEDER B-RNM-144-UGR18, UGR-FEDER A-RNM-336-UGR20FEDERLifeWatch-Eric LifeWatch-2019-10-UGR-01Research group RNM-190 (Junta de Andalucía)Northern Arizona UniversityMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación of SpainMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ BES-2018-084293Horizon 2020 European Union Marie Sklodowska-Curie 892487European Union -Next Generation EU funds MS2021-20

Summer temperatures during the Holocene inferred from a chironomid record from Sierra Nevada, southern Spain

XXI INQUA 2023. Rome. july 14-20 2023Accurate and continuous quantitative paleotemperature records from the past are rare in southern Iberia, mostly due to the scarcity of continuous sedimentary sequences in terrestrial environments from that area. In this study we show the first Holocene mean July air temperature reconstruction based on fossil chironomids from a sedimentary sequence obtained from Laguna de Río Seco, an alpine lake in Sierra Nevada, southern Spain. Reconstructed summer temperatures agree with changes in summer insolation and other palaeotemperature records from alpine environments from southern Europe and show the Holocene thermal maximum between 10 to 8.0 ka (1 ka = 1000 cal yr BP). Rapid cooling occurred after the warmest maximum and between ~8.0-7.0 ka and temperatures stabilized between ~6.5 and 3.0 ka. A further cooling trend started ~3.0 ka, and coldest summer conditions were reached at 1.4 ka (~550 CE) and ~0.2 ka (~1750 CE), coinciding with the Dark Ages and Little Ice Age, respectively. This record also shows relatively warmer summer temperature conditions during the Iberian-Roman Humid Period ~2.0 ka and during the Medieval Climate Anomaly at ~0.9 ka. Summer climate warming of more than two degree Celsius is observed in the last decades showing that recent warming is amplified in high alpine environments

Paleoenvironmental evolution of Laguna Seca lake (Sierra Nevada, southern Iberia) since the Late Glacial

Comunicación oral en XXI INQUA Congress. Rome (Italy). 14-20th july 2023Laguna Seca lake at 2259 masl has provided the longest alpine sedimentary record in southern Iberia, registering the last ~18 kyr in a ~14-meter-long sediment core. The oldest part of the sedimentary record represents a phase of subaerial debris flows and a small glacier/nivation hollow. The sediment characteristics abruptly changed at ~15.7 cal kyr BP, when a lake environment was established. A multi-proxy approach (magnetic susceptibility, organic geochemical analyses in bulk sediment, XRF core scanner data, and algae identification) has allowed the characterization of three different environmental phases in this lake. Deep lake conditions are identified from ~15.7 to ~10.6 cal kyr BP, agreeing with overall increasing precipitation in southern Iberia coinciding with augmenting summer insolation. This part of the record is characterized by grey lutites with high total organic carbon (TOC) content, high algae productivity, high vascular plant inputs (high C/N ratio) from the catchment and low Fe/S ratio, suggesting low oxygen conditions in the water-sediment interphase. Between ~10.6 and 8.2-8.0 cal kyr BP higher TOC and low Fe/S ratio are also recorded as well as higher algae content and low C/N ratio suggesting high aquatic production and more algae contribution to the local organic matter pool. This period registered the highest lake levels agreeing with summer insolation maximum and highest precipitation in southern Iberia. An abrupt lowering of the lake level is recorded after 8.0 cal kyr BP in the area. This is deduced by the decrease in TOC and algae in the sediments and more siliciclastic contribution from the catchment basin, evidenced by a high increase in siliciclastic elements (Si, Al, K, Ti, among others), with increased oxic conditions in the water-sediment interphase pointed out by the high increase in Fe/S ratio. Additionally, a potential increase in north African aeolian inputs (rich in Fe cations and Fe compounds) can be interpreted for the Middle and Late Holocene, evidenced by high Fe/Al values. This environmental change agrees with an aridification trend previously observed in the southern Iberian Peninsula

Second Workshop on Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias) (WKCOLIAS2)

The Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias has become an increasingly important commercial species in the European Atlantic waters in the last 10–15 years, probably through an expansion process from NW African waters and due to market needs. However, at present there are no assessment or advice requirements. In the WK framework, available information of the species in the West Atlantic waters has been compiled in order to evaluate possible geographical differences and trends, and the feasibility to describe its population structure. Though the Atlantic chub mackerel is not routinely included among the target species in the acoustic surveys performed in the Atlantic Iberian waters and the Mediterranean Sea, a synoptic overview of the species is possible over all its West Atlantic distribution. Moreover, the data available have indicated latitudinal trends, mainly in the landings’ length composition, L50 and the spawning periods. Nevertheless, even if some degree of connectivity likely exists and migrations are occurring between adjacent areas, some subunits could be considered for management purposes. From the assessment models’ trials carried out, the results or reference points obtained for the European fisheries cannot be retained at present. Therefore, continuing collating information from fisheries and biological sampling of the species, obtaining reliable biomass estimations from scientific surveys and identifying management units seem the main priorities to address in future research work and in case of assessment requirements

Imágenes de Dido y Eneas en los Castigos del rey don Sancho IV (ms. 3 995 BNE, siglo XV)

El único manuscrito iluminado de los Castigos y documentos de Sancho IV, el ms. 3995 conservado en la Biblioteca Nacional de España y datado en el primer tercio del siglo XV, aporta dos imágenes ilustradoras de la historia de Dido y Eneas, representando de una parte a Eneas con una función amplificadora del concepto de traición que el personaje ejemplifica a nivel textual, y de otra parte a Dido, cuya ilustración responde al modelo de la muerte de la dama al caer desde la torre que se documenta en otros textos clásicos y medievales. En este artículo mostramos las similitudes iconográficas con otro modelo diferente: el de la caída de Ocozías, que, como Dido, representa la caída de la persona, del monarca y el fin de una dinastía.<br>Le seul manuscrit enluminé des Castigos y documentos de Sancho IV, ms. 3995 conservé à la Bibliothèque Nationale d’Espagne, daté du premier tiers du XVe siècle, offre deux images illustrant l’histoire de Didon et Énée. D’une part, la représentation d’Énée présente une fonction amplificatrice du concept de trahison que le personnage véhicule au niveau textuel et, d’autre part, l’illustration de Didon répond au modèle de la mort de la dame qui tombe de la tour, modèle présent dans d’autres textes classiques et médiévaux. Il s’agira de montrer les similitudes iconographiques avec un autre modèle : celui de la chute d’Ochozias, qui, comme Didon, représente la chute de la personne, du monarque et la fin d’une dynastie