Uticaj stakleničkih uslova na sadržaj Zn, Fe i Cu u plodovima paradajza

Tomato investigations were carried out under greenhouse and field conditions. The aim was to determine the extent to which greenhouse conditions influence the chemical composition of tomato fruits. Plants grown under field conditions were used as the control. Tomato trials were performed during different periods. Greenhouse trials were carried out in the winter and the spring period (January-June), and field trials in the spring and the summer period (May-September). Zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) content was established in ripe tomato fruits. Greenhouse conditions were found to effect zinc and iron content in tomato, whereas copper content was unaltered.Paradajz je proučavan u stakleniku i na otvorenom polju. Proučavanja su obavljena da bi se odredio uticaj staklenika na hemijski sastav plodova paradajza. Otvoreno polje je uzeto kao kontrola. Ogledi sa paradajzom su izvođeni u različito vreme. U stakleniku su izvođeni u toku zime i proleća (januar-juni), a na otvorenom polju su izvođeni u toku proleća i leta (maj-septembar). U zrelim plodovima paradajza određen je sadržaj cinka (Zn), gvožđa (Fe) i bakra (Cu). Staklenik je uticao na sadržaj cinka i gvožđa u paradajzu, dok se sadržaj bakra nije menjao

Uticaj predzimske setve na ranostasnost i prinos mrkve

Underwinter sowing had a favorable effect on earlmess of carrot resulting in a 29 days earlier maturing (average). Underwinter sowing had no effect on carrot yield although there was a difference in yield. Spring sowing contributed to some what higher yields although the results were statistically insignificant. The conclusion which tends to emerge is a favorable effect of underwinter sowing on carrot production. It is of major importance that underwinter sowing contributes to earliness because early carrot was noted to be highly profitable (price) on the market.U radu se govori o uticaju predzimske setve na ranostasnost i prinos mrkve. Setva je obavljana kasno u jesen (novembar-decembar), tj. pred nastupanje jačih mrazeva. Kao kontrola posluzila je prolećna (normalna) setva. Utvrđeno je da predzimska setva značajno povećava ranostasnost ovog povrća, dok je prinos manje-više isti. Može se reći da u proizvodnji mrkve vredi koristiti predzimsku setvu (povećava se ranostasnost)

Uticaj predzimske setve na ranostasnost i prinos peršuna

On the average, there was a positive effect of pre-winter sowing on earliness of parsley (by 24 days). Parsley yield varied depending on weather conditions. Root yield was more susceptible. On the average, it amounted to 22.79 and 25.84 g/ha. The difference in favor of spring sowing amounted to 3.05 g/ha and was statistically significant. Leaf yield amounted to 3.67 and 4.38 t/ha. The difference was 0.71 t/ha and was statistically insignificant. Thus, it could be conclude that pre-winter sowing effected parsley. Especially was effected earliness. Therefore, in parsley production should be employed pre-winter sowing.U radu se govori o uticaju predzimske setve na ranostasnost i prinos peršuna Setva je obavljana kasno u jesen (novembar-decembar), tj. pred nastupanje jačih mrazeva. Kao kontrola poslužila je prolećna setva. Utvrđeno je da predzimska setva značajno povećava ranostasnost peršuna, dok se prinos smanjuje. Predzimsku setvu ipak vredi koristiti u proizvodnji peršuna (povećava se ranostasnost)

Uticaj količine semena na kvalitet rasada kupusa

The aim was to test the late maturing cabbage cultivars. The following seed quantities were used for sowing: 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6g/m2. Nursery plants were weighed on day 38 (following germination). The following data were recorded: plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area and leaf weight. A smaller amount of seeds contributed to a more favourable quality of nursery plants but tended to decrease the number of plants per m2. Moderate seed amounts (3-5g/m2) were the most favourable. Five-leaf cabbage nursery plants were the most convenient for planting.Ispitan je rasad koji nalazi primenu u kasnoj proizvodnji kupusa. Korišćene su sledeće količine semena: 2, 3, 4, 5 i 6g/m2 zemljišta. Za merenje rasada iz ogleda su uzimani odgovarajući uzorci. Dobijeni su podaci za visinu biljke, broj i površinu listova po biljci, te masu biljke (nadzemni deo). Manje količine semena dale su kvalitetniji rasad, ali su smanjile broj biljaka po jedinici površine (m2). Najbolje su umerene količine semena (3-5g/m2). Rasadni period je trajao 38 dana

Nasleđivanje sadržaja hlorofila u listu f1 generacije eksperimentalnih hibrida paradajza

The chlorophyll content in tomato leaves directly indicates the level of photosynthetic ability and also shows genetic potential of a certain genotype. The present study encompasses the experimental crosses among homozygous inbreeds. Two male and five female components were used in the experiment. Ten newly developed hybrids in F1 generation and seven parental inbreeds were analyzed for the chlorophyll content in leaves. The obtained average values ranged from 47.90 to 63.44 universal SPAD units. Some of experimental tomato hybrids had significantly higher value of the chlorophyll content in leaves than their parents, indicating that heterosis was expressed in these combinations.Sadržaj hlorofila u listu paradajza direktno ukazuje na nivo fotosintetske aktivnosti, a samim tim i na potencijal određenog genotipa. U ovom radu su vršena eksperimentalna ukrštanja homozigotnih linija, pri čemu su dva genotipa bila očinske, a drugih pet majčinske komponente. Dobijenih deset hibrida u F1 generaciji i sedam roditeljskih linija analizirani su na sadržaj hlorofila u listu. Izmerene su prosečne vrednosti hlorofila u rasponu od 47,90 do 63,44 univerzalnih SPAD jedinica. Neki od eksperimentalnih hibrida paradajza imali su signifikantno višu vrednost sadržaja hlorofila u listu od oba svoja roditelja, što ukazuje na ispoljavanje heterozisa u tim kombinacijama

Integralna zaštita paprike i paradajza od korova

Integrated weed control in pepper and tomato, like in case of other crops, implies the application of all available measures, which include crop rotation, quality basic and additional soil cultivation on time, quality sowing (in the case of direct seed sowing) or planting (in the case of production by seedling transplantation), crop nursing, proper fertilization, use of weed free manure, the application of highly efficient herbicides on time, use of natural or synthetic mulches and other available measures. The choice of measures depends on way of crop cultivation (field production, production in controlled environment or organic production), as well as, whether crops sowing directly from seeds or by seedling transplantation. For adequate selection of weed control measures, it is necessary to have data about wideness of the field on which these crops cultivate. The most difficult to control are the species from the Solanaceae family, of which the most abundant in our conditions is black nightshade (Solanum nigrum). The selection of herbicides for the control of weeds in pepper and tomato is limited to several active ingredients, whose commercial products are only registered for the control of weeds in crops established by seedlings transplantation. Although there are no registered herbicides for crops from direct seed sowing, in practice, some herbicides for which have been found not to damage plant crops, have been applied. However, the main measure we apply to weed control is the cultivation of these crops on foils which, apart from suppressing weeds, also show other positive effects. The problem of weeds in production in controlled environment is not as pronounced as in the open field, so that the control measures in this case are mainly reduced to preventive (use of sterile substrates for the production of seedlings, use weed free seedlings of crop, weed control around greenhouse, maintenance of hygiene of tools, clothing and footwear of workers, etc.). In organic production, all measures that are applied as part of an integral system of weed control in these crops are recommended, except the use of herbicides.Integralna zaštita paprike i paradajza od korova, kao i u slučaju drugih useva, podrazumeva primenu svih raspoloživih mera, što podrazumeva gajenje useva u plodoredu, kvalitetnu i blagovremenu osnovnu i dopunsku obradu zemljišta, kvalitetnu setvu (u slučaju direktne setve) ili sadnju kvalitetnog rasada (u slučaju proizvodnje iz rasada), negu useva, pravilno đubrenje, upotrebu dobro zgorelog stajnjaka, pravovremenu primenu visoko efikasnih herbicida, primenu prirodnih ili sintetičkih malčeva i drugih raspoloživih mera. Izbor mera zavisi od načina gajenja ovih useva (proizvodnja na otvorenom, u zaštićenom prostoru ili organska proizvodnja), kao i od toga da li se usevi zasnivaju direktnom setvom ili iz rasada. Za adekvatan odabir mera za suzbijanje korova neophodno je dobro poznavanje zakorovljenosti parcele na kojoj se gaje ovi usevi, a kao najproblematičnije za suzbijanje izdvajaju se vrste iz familije Solanacae, od kojih je kod nas najzastupljenija pomoćnica obična (Solanum nigrum). Izbor herbicida za suzbijanje korova u paprici i paradajzu je ograničen na nekoliko aktivnih supstanci, čiji preparati su registrovani samo za suzbijanje korova u ovim usevima kada se gaje iz rasada. Iako nema registrovanih herbicida za useve iz direktne setve u praksi se primenjuju pojedini herbicidi za koje je utvrđeno da su selektivni prema ovim usevima. Ipak, glavna mera koja se kod nas primenjuje za suzbijanje korova jeste gajenje ovih useva na folijama koje osim što nedozvoljavaju nicanje korova ispoljavaju i druge pozitivne efekte. Problem korova u zaštićenom prostoru nije toliko izražen kao na otvorenom polju, tako da se mere suzbijanja u tom slučaju uglavnom svode na preventivne (upotreba sterilnih supstrata za proizvodnju rasada, unošenje 'čistog' sadnog materijala bez korova u plastenik, suzbijanje korova u širem okruženju plastenika, održavanje higijene oruđa, mašina, odeće i obuće radnika i sl.). U organskoj proizvodnji se preporučuju sve mere koje se primenjuju kao deo integralnog sistema suzbijanja korova u ovim usevima, izuzev primene herbicida

Uticaj biostimulatora na kvalitet rasada matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis L.) u kontejnerskom sistemu proizvodnje

There are various biostimulators in the contemporary plant production which have effect on plant development. Active biostimulators substances, characterized by high protein content, are of natural origin and they have been produced by enzymatic hydrolysis. Since quality planting is a precondition to a successful production, intensive production methods, namely various natural (organic) stimulators, have been applied to find new technological solutions, which is the goal of the research. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Belgrade. Lemon balm nursery plants (Melissa officinalis L.) was produced in containers. Viva, Actiwave and Radifarm were the biostimuli added in nursery plants production, in the concentrations of 0,20 and 0,40%. The experiment included seven versions. Biostimulators Viva were used to water the planting each 10 days, while Actiwave and Radifarm was used for the same purpose each 15 days. Research results indicate considerable, positive effect of the use of natural biostimulators in the production of lemon balm nursery plants. The best quality of nursery plants was achieved when Actiwave biostimulators was used in concentrations of 0,2%.U savremenoj biljnoj proizvodnji prisutni su različiti biostimulatori koji utiču na razvoj biljaka. Aktivne materije biostimulatora su prirodnog porekla, a dobijene su enzimatskom hidrolizom i odlikuju se visokim sadržajem proteina. Kako je kvalitetan rasad uslov uspešne proizvodnje cilj istraživanja bio je iznalaženje novih tehnoloških rešenja primenom intenzivnih načina proizvodnje i to upotrebom različitih prirodnih (organskih) biostimulatora. Ogled je sproveden u stakleniku Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Rasad matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis L.) je proizveden u kontejnerima. Prilikom proizvodnje rasada dodavani su sledeći biostimulatori: Viva, Actiwave i Radifarm u koncentracijama od 0,20% i 0,40%. Ogled se sastojao od sedam varijanti. Rasad je zalivan biostimulatorom Viva na svakih 10 dana, a biostimulatorima Actiwave i Radifarm na svakih 15 dana. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na značajan, pozitivan, efekat upotrebe prirodnih biostimulatora u proizvodnji rasada matičnjaka. Najbolji kvalitet rasada postignut je upotrebom biostimulatora Actiwave i to u koncentraciji od 0,20%

Bioaktivne komponente u funkciji oplemenjivanja industrijskog paradajza

Selection of tomato lines for industrial use regarding their nutritional value is a potential that will reflect in the final product obtained from tomato fruits. At the same time, technological process of preparation of tomato juice (100 °C), as well as hot air drying, was studied in order to establish an optimal technological process that is the least disrupting for the natural potential of nutrients contained in fresh fruits. The research was performed on 6 lines and one variety of industrial tomato. The content of vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, β-carotene, phenols, flavonoids, dry matter and total antioxidative capacity was studied by applying standard methods for determination of the level of these parameters. Grouping was performed according to traits of average carotenoid content (lycopene, β-carotene), vitamin C, vitamin E, phenols, flavonoids, dry matter and total antioxidative capacity in tomato fruit, by applying PCA. The first two principle components were responsible for 77.18 % of total variability of researched samples. The impact of other five components was low and they were responsible for 22.18 % of the variability. Antioxidative activity was best preserved after finishing, through small losses of lycopene and β-carotene. Losses of vitamin C, vitamin E, phenols and flavonoids during thermal processing were great, mostly in juice, while in dried product, these losses were lower. Nutrient losses were in function of temperature height that the fruits were exposed to during the thermal processing. Genotypes SPRZ and SPSM were marked as the best.Selekcija linija paradajza namenjenog industrijskoj preradi prema osobinama koje definišu njihovu nutritivnu vrednost predstavljaju potencijal koji će se reflektovati u proizvodu dobijenom od plodova paradajza. U isto vreme ispitan je i tehnološki proces pripreme soka paradajza (100 °C) kao i sušenje plodova na toplom vazduhu, kako bi se utvrdio optimalni tehnološki proces koji najmanje narušava prirodni potencijal nutrijenata sadržanih u svežim plodovima. Ispitivanje je sprovedeno na 6 linija i jednoj sorti industrijskog paradajza gde su ispitani sadržaj vitamina C, vitamina E, likopina, β-carotina, fenola, flavonoida, suve materije i ukupni antioksidativni kapacitet, standardnim metodama za utvrđivanje sadržaja ovih parametara. Grupisanje je izvršeno prema osobinama prosečnog sadržaja karetinoida (likopen, β-karoten), vitamina C, vitamina E, fenola, flavonoida, suve materije i ukupnog antioksidatinog kapaciteta u plodu paradajza, pomoću PCA analize. Prve dve principle komponente odgovorne su za 77,18 % ukupne varijabilnosti ispitivanih uzoraka. Uticaj ostalih pet komponenti je mali i one su odgovorne za 22,18 % varijabilnosti. Antioksidativna aktivnost je najbolje očuvana posle dorade kroz male gubitke likopina i β-karotina posle dorade. Gubici vitamina C, vitamina E, fenola, flavonoida pri termičkoj obradi su veliki i to najviše u soku, dok kod sušenog proizvoda ti gubici su nešto manji. Gubici nutrijenata su u funkciji visine temperature kojima su plodovi bili izlagani pri termičkoj obradi. Kao najbolji genotipovi ocenjeni su SPRZ i SPSM