CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF PUBLIC BUILDNGS OF OTTOMAN ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTHERN AND EASTERN SERBIA

The paper presents buildings from the period of Ottoman domination in southern and eastern Serbia. The paper first presents the architectural analysis of the buildings in question. The historical context of their construction, their original function and the social role they had when they were created are also considered. A special emphasis was placed on the analysis of the current state of preservation of these buildings, their new functions and the role they play in society today

ARCHITECTURE AND CERAMIC MATERIALS, DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TIME: CERAMIC TILES AND CERAMIC ROOF TILES

Ceramic tiles and roof covers have been used in construction of architectonic structures from the earliest times. Their relatively simple production, as well as acceptable cost, contributed to the mass usage of these products.The paper presents a review of ceramic tiles and roof tiles, by laying out their development, shapes, physical properties and usage through history in various climates and time periods.The aim of the paper is understanding the importance of use and development of these products in architecture. 

ARCHITECTURE AND CERAMIC MATERIALS, DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TIME: ADOBE AND BRICK

The fired earth products are from the dawn of time very readily used as a building material in architecture. Regardless of the geographical area, or era, both adobe and bricks have been often used because they are easy and cheap to manufacture.The paper provides the review of adobe and brick use, from the earliest times until nowadays. The evolution of their production, forms, physical properties and ways of their usage on the structures are presented.The goal of the paper is an analysis of development of use of these products which will certainly remain in use for many years to come.

Characterization of Roman mortar from the Mediana archeological site

Ovaj rad prikazuje istraživanje rimske žbuke rabljene za konstrukciju poda u objektima koji su imali sustav podnog grijanja – hipokaust, u rezidencijalnim vilama s peristelom (Naisus, Srbija). Ispitano je i analizirano ukupno sedam uzoraka žbuke s različitih lokacija vile s ciljem dobivanja informacija o njezinim morfološkim, mineraloškim, kemijskim i osnovnim fizikalnim karakteristikama. Za utvrđivanje ovih svojstava rabljena je: optička mikroskopija, skenirajući elektronski mikroskop (SEM), s EDS analizom, difrakcijska analiza s X-zrakama (XRD). Žbuka ima prilično ujednačene karakteristike preko cijele površine poda hipokausta. Žbuka dominantno čini karbonatno vezivo i agregat veličine zrna od 0,05 do 2 mm s rijetkom pojavom zrna dimenzija 10 mm. Kao agregat za žbuku rabljeni su dijelovi žbuke, zrna krečnjaka, kvarc, metamorfiti i vulkaniti. Uporaba drobljene opeke i prisustvo reakcijskog ruba, potvrđuje njezinu funkciju hidrauličnog vezivanja. Slaba veza između zrna agregata i krečnjačkog veziva omogućava transport vode kroz formiranu tranzitnu zonu.This paper presents the study of the Roman mortar used for construction of floors in the buildings which possessed floor heating system – hypocaust, in the residential villa with the peristyle (Naisus, Serbia). A total of seven samples of mortar from different locations of the villa were examined and analyzed for information about its morphological, mineralogical, chemical and basic physical properties. In order to determine these properties were used: optical microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The mortar is dominantly made of carbonate binder and the aggregate of grain size 0,05 to 2 mm with a rare occurrence of 10 mm grains. Fragments of mortar, grains of limestone, quartz, metarmorphite and vulcanite were used for the mortar aggregate. Usage of crushed brick and reaction rim confirms its function of hydraulic binder. The weak bonds between the aggregate grains and limestone binder facilitate transport of water through the formed transit zones

Characterization of Roman mortar from the Mediana archeological site

Ovaj rad prikazuje istraživanje rimske žbuke rabljene za konstrukciju poda u objektima koji su imali sustav podnog grijanja – hipokaust, u rezidencijalnim vilama s peristelom (Naisus, Srbija). Ispitano je i analizirano ukupno sedam uzoraka žbuke s različitih lokacija vile s ciljem dobivanja informacija o njezinim morfološkim, mineraloškim, kemijskim i osnovnim fizikalnim karakteristikama. Za utvrđivanje ovih svojstava rabljena je: optička mikroskopija, skenirajući elektronski mikroskop (SEM), s EDS analizom, difrakcijska analiza s X-zrakama (XRD). Žbuka ima prilično ujednačene karakteristike preko cijele površine poda hipokausta. Žbuka dominantno čini karbonatno vezivo i agregat veličine zrna od 0,05 do 2 mm s rijetkom pojavom zrna dimenzija 10 mm. Kao agregat za žbuku rabljeni su dijelovi žbuke, zrna krečnjaka, kvarc, metamorfiti i vulkaniti. Uporaba drobljene opeke i prisustvo reakcijskog ruba, potvrđuje njezinu funkciju hidrauličnog vezivanja. Slaba veza između zrna agregata i krečnjačkog veziva omogućava transport vode kroz formiranu tranzitnu zonu.This paper presents the study of the Roman mortar used for construction of floors in the buildings which possessed floor heating system – hypocaust, in the residential villa with the peristyle (Naisus, Serbia). A total of seven samples of mortar from different locations of the villa were examined and analyzed for information about its morphological, mineralogical, chemical and basic physical properties. In order to determine these properties were used: optical microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The mortar is dominantly made of carbonate binder and the aggregate of grain size 0,05 to 2 mm with a rare occurrence of 10 mm grains. Fragments of mortar, grains of limestone, quartz, metarmorphite and vulcanite were used for the mortar aggregate. Usage of crushed brick and reaction rim confirms its function of hydraulic binder. The weak bonds between the aggregate grains and limestone binder facilitate transport of water through the formed transit zones