Dissipation and elliptic flow at RHIC

We compare elliptic flow evolution from ideal hydrodynamics and covariant parton transport theory, and show that, for conditions expected at RHIC, dissipation significantly reduces elliptic flow even for extreme parton cross sections and/or densities sigma_gg * dN/d\eta(b=0) ~ 45 mb * 1000. The difference between transport and hydrodynamic elliptic flow is established rather early during the evolution of the system, but the buildup of elliptic flow is surprisingly insensitive to the choice of the initial (formation or thermalization) time in both models.Comment: 4 pages, 3 EPS fig

Novel carbon fiber microeletrodes for extracellular electrophysiology

Single- and multibarrel carbon fiber microelectrode blanks were constructed and pulled to electrodes to be used for extracellular recording and microiontophoresis. A unique spark etching method was developed to produce a sharp-pointed, conical carbon tip protruding 15-20 µm from the glass pipette(s). The shape and size of the carbon fiber tip were examined by scanning electron microscopy. In test experiments, extracellular recordings were made from spinal dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord in anesthetized rats. The sharp carbon tip allowed these electrodes to penetrate the arachnoid membrane over the spinal cord with ease. The electrodes picked up extracellular spikes with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Under the given experimental conditions, the peak-to-peak noise level was about 20 µV. To test the performance of the iontophoresis barrels, neurons were stimulated by iontophoretic application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or kainic acid or by noxious heat delivered to the cutaneous receptive fields in the tail. After the iontophoretic ejection of naloxone, the responses to iontophoresed kainic acid and noxious heat were significantly increased. Spikes from dorsal horn neurons were counted and peristimulus time histograms were displayed online by means of a LabView-based system. These carbon fiber microelectrodes are excellent for extracellular spike recording and microiontophoresis and may additionally be suitable for electrochemical measurements and for the development of enzyme- or antibody-based microbiosensor

Molecular cytogenetic characterisation of Salix viminalis L. using repetitive DNA sequences

Abstract Salix viminalis L. (2n=38) is a diploid dicot species belonging to the Salix genus of the Salicaceae family. This short-rotation woody crop is one of the most important renewable bioenergy resources worldwide. In breeding for high biomass productivity, limited knowledge is available on the molecular cytogenetics of willow, which could be combined with genetic linkage mapping. The present paper describes the adaptation of a fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) protocol as a new approach to analyse the genomic constitution of Salix viminalis using the heterologous DNA clones pSc119.2, pTa71, pTa794, pAs1, Afafamily, pAl1, HT100.3, ZCF1 and the GAA microsatellite marker. Three of the nine probes showed unambiguous signals on the metaphase chromosomes. FISH analysis with the pTa71 probe detected one major 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA locus on the short arm of one chromosome pair; however, the pTa794 rDNA site was not visible. One chromosome pair showed a distinct signal around the centromeric region after FISH with the telomere-specific DNA clone HT100.3. Two chromosome pairs were found to have pAs1 FISH signals, which represent a D-genome-specific insert from Aegilops tauschii. Based on the FISH study, a set of chromosomes with characteristic patterns is presented, which could be used to establish the karyotype of willow species

Differential freezeout and pion interferometry at RHIC from covariant transport theory

Puzzling discrepancies between recent pion interferometry data on Au+Au reactions at s^1/2 = 130 and 200 AGeV from RHIC and predictions based on ideal hydrodynamics are analyzed in terms of covariant parton transport theory. The discrepancies of out and longitudinal radii are significantly reduced when the finite opacity of the gluon plasma is taken into account.Comment: 4 pages, 3 EPS figures. Submitted to PR

Bükk (Fagus silvatica L.) faanyag színének homogenizálása gőzöléssel - Colour homogenisation of beech (Fagus silvatica L.) by steam treatment

Vizsgálatunk során nedves (47%), félszáraz (28%) és száraz (8%) álgesztes és álgeszt mentes bükk ( Fagus silvatica L. ) próbatesteket gőzöltünk különböző hőmérsékleteken (80–120°C) színhomogenizálás céljából. Az alkalmazott hőmérsékleti értékek mindegyike alkalmas volt a vörös és fehér geszt színeltérésének minimalizálására. A hőmérséklet értéke 100°C alatt nem befolyásolja a színváltozást. A változás döntő r észe a kezelés első 12 órájában bekövetkezik. Az optimális homogenizálási idő 0,5–2 nap az alkalmazott hőmérsékleti értéktől függően. A kezdő nedvességtartalom nem befolyásolja a színváltozást rosttelítettségi pont felett. A kiinduláskor száraz próbatestek színváltozása kevésbé intenzív, mint a nedves próbatesteké. Száraz próbates- tek 100°C alatti gőzöléssel történő színhomogenizálása nem javasolt

Topology-dependence of propagation mechanisms in the production network

The topology of production networks determines the propagation mechanisms of local shocks and thus the co-movement of industries. As a result, we need a more precisely defined production network to model economic growth accurately. In this study, we analyse Leontief's input-output model from a network theory perspective, aiming to construct a production network in such a way that it allows the most accurate modelling of the propagation mechanisms of changes that generate industry growth. We do this by revisiting a prevalent threshold in the literature that determines industry-industry interdependence. Our hypothesis is that changing the threshold changes the topological structure of the network and the core industries to a large extent. This is significant, because if the production network topology is not precisely defined, the resulting internal propagation mechanisms will be distorted, and thus industry growth modelling will not be accurate. We prove our hypothesis by examining the network topology, and centrality metrics under different thresholds on a network derived from the US input-output accounts data for 2007 and 2012